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16 - October 8, 2019 County Council Agenda Package (k) a position,plan,procedure,criteriaorinstructiontobeappliedtoanynegotiationsto becarriedonbyoronbehalfofthemunicipalityorlocalboard – (k) a position,plan,procedure,criteriaorinstructiontobeappliedtoanynegotiations carriedonortobecarriedonbyoronbehalfofthemunicipalityorlocalboard (k) a position,plan,procedure,criteriaorinstructiontobeappliedtoanynegotiations carriedonortobecarriedonbyoronbehalfofthemunicipalityorlocalboard (b)personalmattersaboutanidentifiableindividual, includingmunicipalorlocalboard employees (k) a position,plan,procedure,criteriaorinstructiontobeappliedtoanynegotiations carriedonortobecarriedonbyoronbehalfofthemunicipalityorlocalboard – (e)litigationorpotentiallitigation,includingmattersbeforeadministrativetribunals, affectingthemunicipalityorlocalboard – (b) a proposedorpendingacquisitionordispositionoflandbythemunicipalityorlocal board – (b)personalmattersaboutanidentifiableindividual,includingmunicipalorlocalboard employees – – – – – – – – - - - - - - - - - Alternative 1 – Do Nothing - 2.Alternative 2 – Three-span Steel Girder Bridge Alternative 3 – Single Span Steel Truss Bridge Alternative 4 – Single or Multi-Span Bailey Bridge Alternative 2 – Three-Span Steel Girder Bridge the betterment of the people of the whole or any part of Ontario by providing for the protection, conservation and wise management in Ontario of the environment o o Freedom of InformationProtection of Privacy Act CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IMPERIAL ROAD PORT BRUCE BRIDGE AT CATFISH CREEK NOTICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION CENTRE (PIC) The County of Elgin is studying available options to replace the Port Bruce Bridge. As a result of work completed to date, a steel girder bridge along with reconstruction of the roadway approaches is being considered. The project is being planned as a Schedule B project under the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment process. A Public Information Centre (PIC) is planned to provide further information to the public on the proposal and to receive input and comment from interested persons: For further information, please contact: Mr. Allan Garnham, P. Eng. or Mr. Brian Lima, P. Eng. Project Engineer Director of Engineering Services K. Smart Associates Limited County of Elgin 85 McIntyre Drive450 Sunset Drive Kitchener ON N2R 1H6 St. Thomas ON N5R 5V1 Phone: 519-748-1199 ext. 246 Phone: 519-631-1460 ext. 117 E-mail: agarnham@ksmart.ca E-mail: blima@elgin.ca Subject to comments received as a result of this Notice, the County of Elgin intends to proceed with the detailed design of this project and a Project File will be prepared and placed on the public record for a minimum forty-five (45) day review period. Information will be collected in accordance with the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act. With the exception of personal information, all comments will become part of the public record. This Notice issued May 28, 2019. K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY P O R T B R U C E K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & Freedom of InformationProtection of Privacy Act Alternative 2Alternative 3Alternative 4 Alternative 1 No.Criteria(Three-Span Steel Girder (Single Span Steel Truss (Single or Multi-Span Comment (Do Nothing) Bridge)Bridge)Modular Panel Bridge) 1Impacts to fish and fish habitat13.523.5 Considers disruption to fish and potential loss of fish habitat Considers overall loss of vegetation 2Impacts to vegetation and flora13331 does not result in loss of vegetation 3 results in loss of vegetation 3Impact to wildlife and wildlife 1 will result in an overall improvement 2134 habitat4 will result in an overall loss 4Changes to groundwater and 2 can result in an overall improvement 4222 surface water quantity and quality4 will not result in an improvement 1 has the least impact 5Impact on stream flow13.523.52 has some impact 3.5 has the most impact 1 has no potential for ice jams 6Potential for ice jams13.523.5 2 has some potential for ice jams 3.5 has potential for ice jams Considers impact to the community by not having a permanent crossing 7Impact to community4222 2 if a new bridge is built 4 if no bridge is built Considers loss of value of residential property by not having a permanent crossing 8Impact to residential areas4222 2 if a new bridge is built 4 if no bridge is built Considers negative impact to local business by not having a permanent crossing 9Impact to local business4222 2 if a new bridge is built 4 if no bridge is built 10Impact to recreation1.53.51.53.5 Considers potential changes to navigation Considers loss of future development by not having a permanent crossing 11Impact to future development4222 2 if a new bridge is built 4 if no bridge is built 1 requires no property to be purchased 12Need for property acquisition1234 4 requries the most amount of property to be purchased 1 is the shortest to construct 13Length of construction1432 4 is the longest to construct 2 will provide improvement 14Improvement to traffic movment4222 4 will not provide improvement 1 will result in a reduction in noise and vibration 15Changes to noise and vibration3124 4 will result in changes to noise and vibration Alternative 2Alternative 3Alternative 4 Alternative 1 No.Criteria(Three-Span Steel Girder (Single Span Steel Truss (Single or Multi-Span Comment (Do Nothing) Bridge)Bridge)Modular Panel Bridge) Considers positive change to air quality as a result of quicker travel times 16Changes to air quality4222 2 if a new bridge is built 4 if no bridge is built Considers response times 17Access to emergency services4222 2 if a new bridge is built 4 if no bridge is built 1 will restore aesthetics of Port Bruce to a pre-collapse state 18Aesthetics4123 4 does not address any aesthetics 19Extent the alternative addresses2 meets the problem statement 4222 the problem statement4 does not meet the problem statement 4 if there is a height limit across the bridge 20Height restrictions2242 2 if there is no limit 3.5 if the structure is limited in width 21Width restrictions1.51.53.53.5 1.5 if there is no limit 22Provision of sidewalks4123Considers ease and relative cost to provide sidewalks 23Provision of cycling lanes4123 Considers ease and relative cost to provide cycling lanes 24Ability to improve2 allows for improvement 4222 hydrology/hydraulic conditions4 does not allow improvement 1 is the easiest to construct 25Constructability1342 4 is the hardest to construct 1 is the shortest to construct 26Construction timeline1432 4 is the longest to construct 1 is the longest period prior to reconstruction of the bridge 27Lifespan4123 4 is the shortest period prior to reconstruction of the bridge Assumes doing nothing requries no maintenance 28Need for ongoing maintenance2134 Assumes checking transom clamps periodically results in the highest maintenance costs 1 is the lowest overall construction cost 29Overall construction cost1342 4 is the highest overall construction cost Assumes doing nothing requries no maintenance 30Maintenance costs1234 Assumes checking transom clamps periodically results in the highest maintenance costs Note: Alternatives are ranked 1 to 4 with 1 having the least impact and 4 having the most impact except where noted. Each row totals 10 points to ensure each criterion is weighted the same. Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Preliminary Construction Cost Estimate Three Span Modular Panel Bridge ITEM DESCRIPTIONEST. UNITUNIT PRICETOTAL AMOUNT NO.QUANT. 1Mobilization/Demobilization1L.S. $ 100,000.00 $ 100,000.00 2Bonding and Insurance1L.S. $ 75,000.00 $ 75,000.00 3Traffic Control1L.S. $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 4Clearing & Grubbing1L.S. $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 5Earth Borrow500tonne $ 20.00 $ 10,000.00 6HL8 Asphalt on Roadway Approaches950tonne $ 110.00 $ 104,500.00 7HL4 Asphalt on Roadway Approaches700tonne $ 110.00 $ 77,000.00 8Milled Step Joint in Asphalt6each $ 2,000.00 $ 12,000.00 9Supply and Place Granular "A" for Road900tonne $ 25.00 $ 22,500.00 10Supply and Place Granular "B" for Road350tonne $ 20.00 $ 7,000.00 11Supply and Place Granular "B" Backfill to Structure1L.S. $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 12150mm DIA HDPE Subdrain40m $ 75.00 $ 3,000.00 13Concrete Sidewalk375m² $ 100.00 $ 37,500.00 14Concrete Curb450m $ 100.00 $ 45,000.00 1545° Concrete Gutter Outlet2each $ 1,000.00 $ 2,000.00 16600 x 600 Precast Concrete Catch Basin2each $ 2,000.00 $ 4,000.00 17Asphalt Removal Full Depth4,500m² $ 10.00 $ 45,000.00 18Removal of Existing Structure1L.S. $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 19Removal of Existing Pier Piles1L.S. $ 110,000.00 $ 110,000.00 20Rock Protection250m³ $ 150.00 $ 37,500.00 21Rip Rap Spillways50m² $ 100.00 $ 5,000.00 22550m $ 20.00 $ 11,000.00 231100m $ 20.00 $ 22,000.00 244each $ 500.00 $ 2,000.00 25MASH Steel Beam Guide Rail Type110m $ 150.00 $ 16,500.00 26SBEAT End Treatments 2each $ 4,500.00 $ 9,000.00 27Topsoil from Stockpiles40m³ $ 50.00 $ 2,000.00 28Imported Topsoil (Provisional)80m³ $ 80.00 $ 6,400.00 29Hydraulic Seeding and Mulching1L.S. $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou Qsfmjnjobsz!Dpotusvdujpo!Dptu!Ftujnbuf Uisff!Tqbo!Npevmbs!Qbofm!Csjehf JUFN!EFTDSJQUJPOFTU/!VOJUVOJU!QSJDFUPUBM!BNPVOU OP/RVBOU/! 41Tpe!)Qspwjtjpobm*711n³!%!!!!!!!!!!!26/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:-111/11! 42Fsptjpo!Dpouspm!Cmbolfu!)Qspwjtjpobm*711n³!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!6/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4-111/11! 43Mjhiu!Evuz!Tjmu!Gfodf!Cbssjfs711n!%!!!!!!!!!261/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:1-111/11! 44Tusbx!Cbmf!Gmpx!Difdl!Ebnt5fbdi!%!!!!!!!!!361/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2-111/11! 45Fbsui!Fydbwbujpo!gps!Ofx!Tusvduvsf-!Efxbufsjoh-!boe!Fbsui!Cbdlgjmm2M/T/!%!!!411-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!411-111/11! 46Qjmjoh!.!Npcjmj{bujpo!boe!Efnpcjmj{bujpo2M/T/!%!!!!!86-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!86-111/11! 47Qjmjoh!.!IQ421!y!2213671n!%!!!!!!!!!361/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!751-111/11! 48Dpodsfuf!Xpsljoh!Tmbc!.!Bcvunfout2M/T/!%!!!!!2:-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2:-111/11! 49Dpodsfuf!Xpsljoh!Tmbc!.!Qjfst2M/T/!%!!!!!24-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!24-111/11! 4:Dpodsfuf!jo!Bcvunfou!Gppujoht2M/T/!%!!!286-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!286-111/11! 51Dpodsfuf!jo!Qjfs!Gppujoht2M/T/!%!!!221-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!221-111/11! 52Dpodsfuf!jo!Bcvunfout!'!Xjohxbmmt2M/T/!%!!!286-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!286-111/11! 53Dpodsfuf!jo!Qjfst2M/T/!%!!!241-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!241-111/11! 54Dpodsfuf!jo!Bqqspbdi!Tmbct2M/T/!%!!!!!41-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!41-111/11! 55Tuffm!Dvuxbufs!Bttfncmz2M/T/!%!!!!!!!8-611/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8-611/11! 56Sfjogpsdjoh!Tuffm!Cbs!.!Cmbdl61upoof!%!!!!!!!3-611/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!236-111/11! 57Nfdibojdbm!Dpoofdujpot2M/T/!%!!!!!!!8-611/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8-611/11! 58Npevmbs!Qbofm!Tvqfstusvduvsf!.!Tvqqmz2M/T/!%2-626-77:/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!2-626-77:/11! 59Npevmbs!Qbofm!Tvqfstusvduvsf!.!Jotubmmbujpo2M/T/!%!!!361-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!361-111/11! 5:Cbmmbtu!Xbmm!Optjoh!Bohmf2M/T/!%!!!!!!!6-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6-111/11! 61Mpdbuf!Fyjtujoh!Cvsjfe!Vujmjuz41fbdi!%!!!!!!!!!611/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!26-111/11! 62Gjti!Tbmwbhf!'!Usbotgfs2M/T/!%!!!!!!!7-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!7-111/11! 63Dpoujohfodz!)21&*2bmmpx!%!!!566-111/11!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!566-111/11! UPUBM!>!%!!!!6-113-67:/11 )fydmvejoh!ITU* Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Preliminary Construction Cost Estimate Three Span Steel Girder Bridge ITEM DESCRIPTIONEST. UNITUNIT PRICETOTAL AMOUNT NO.QUANT. 1Mobilization/Demobilization1L.S. $ 100,000.00 $ 100,000.00 2Bonding and Insurance1L.S. $ 75,000.00 $ 75,000.00 3Traffic Control1L.S. $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 4Clearing & Grubbing1L.S. $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 5Earth Borrow1400tonne $ 20.00 $ 28,000.00 6HL8 Asphalt on Roadway Approaches1450tonne $ 110.00 $ 159,500.00 7HL4 Asphalt on Roadway Approaches1050tonne $ 110.00 $ 115,500.00 8HL4 Asphalt on Bridge Deck180tonne $ 150.00 $ 27,000.00 9Milled Step Joint in Asphalt6each $ 2,000.00 $ 12,000.00 10Supply and Place Granular "A" for Road3200tonne $ 25.00 $ 80,000.00 11Supply and Place Granular "B" for Road3,500tonne $ 20.00 $ 70,000.00 12Supply and Place Granular "B" Backfill to Structure1L.S. $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 13150mm DIA HDPE Subdrain40m $ 75.00 $ 3,000.00 m Е 14Concrete Sidewalk375 $ 100.00 $ 37,500.00 15Concrete Curb500m $ 100.00 $ 50,000.00 1645° Concrete Gutter Outlet2each $ 1,000.00 $ 2,000.00 17600 x 600 Precast Concrete Catch Basin2each $ 2,000.00 $ 4,000.00 m Е 18Asphalt Removal Full Depth6,600 $ 10.00 $ 66,000.00 19Removal of Existing Structure1L.S. $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 20Removal of Existing Pier Piles1L.S. $ 110,000.00 $ 110,000.00 21Rock Protection250m³ $ 150.00 $ 37,500.00 m Е 22Rip Rap Spillways50 $ 100.00 $ 5,000.00 23800m $ 20.00 $ 16,000.00 241600m $ 20.00 $ 32,000.00 254each $ 500.00 $ 2,000.00 26MASH Steel Beam Guide Rail Type110m $ 150.00 $ 16,500.00 27SBEAT End Treatments 2each $ 4,500.00 $ 9,000.00 28Topsoil from Stockpiles110m³ $ 50.00 $ 5,500.00 29Imported Topsoil250m³ $ 80.00 $ 20,000.00 Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Preliminary Construction Cost Estimate Three Span Steel Girder Bridge ITEM DESCRIPTIONEST. UNITUNIT PRICETOTAL AMOUNT NO.QUANT. 30Hydraulic Seeding and Mulching1L.S. $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 m Е 31Sod (Provisional)1,750 $ 15.00 $ 26,250.00 m Е 32Erosion Control Blanket (Provisional)600 $ 5.00 $ 3,000.00 33Light Duty Silt Fence Barrier600m $ 15.00 $ 9,000.00 34Straw Bale Flow Check Dams4each $ 250.00 $ 1,000.00 35Earth Excavation for New Structure, Dewatering, and Earth Backfill1L.S. $ 300,000.00 $ 300,000.00 36Piling - Mobilization and Demobilization1L.S. $ 75,000.00 $ 75,000.00 37Piling - HP310 x 1101520m $ 250.00 $ 380,000.00 600mm DIA Hole Lined with Steel Pipe & Filled with Loose Sand After 3836m $ 800.00 $ 28,800.00 Driving Piles 39Concrete Working Slab - Piers1L.S. $ 11,000.00 $ 11,000.00 40Concrete in Abutments & Wingwalls1L.S. $ 190,000.00 $ 190,000.00 41Concrete in Pier Footings1L.S. $ 90,000.00 $ 90,000.00 42Concrete in Piers1L.S. $ 74,000.00 $ 74,000.00 43Concrete in Deck & Diaphragms1L.S. $ 520,000.00 $ 520,000.00 44Concrete in Sidewalks1L.S. $ 75,000.00 $ 75,000.00 45Concrete in Approach Slabs1L.S. $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 46Steel Cutwater Assembly1L.S. $ 7,500.00 $ 7,500.00 47Reinforcing Steel Bar - Black75tonne $ 2,500.00 $ 187,500.00 48Structural Steel1L.S. $1,000,000.00 $ 1,000,000.00 49Bridge Railing (ROW Fountain Street Bridge Type)1L.S. $ 265,000.00 $ 265,000.00 50Bridge Deck Waterproofing1L.S. $ 40,000.00 $ 40,000.00 51Form & Fill Grooves40m $ 250.00 $ 10,000.00 52Plain & Laminated Natural Rubber Bearings1L.S. $ 25,000.00 $ 25,000.00 53Locate Existing Buried Utility30each $ 500.00 $ 15,000.00 54Fish Salvage & Transfer1L.S. $ 6,000.00 $ 6,000.00 55Contingency (10%)1L.S. $ 455,000.00 $ 455,000.00 TOTAL = $ 4,987,050.00 (excluding HST) P O R T B R U C E P O R T B R U C E K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY This checklist was prepared in March 2013 by the Municipal Engineers Association to assist with determining the requirements to comply with the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment. View all 4 parts of the module on Structures Over 40 Years at www.municipalclassea.ca to assist with completing the checklist. Jnqfsjbm!Spbe!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf Wjmmbhf!pg!Qpsu!Csvdf-!Upxotijq!pg!Nbmbijef-!Dpvouz!pg!Fmhjo Dpvouz!pg!Fmhjo Bmmbo!Hbsoibn-!Q/!Foh/ Bmmbo!Hbsoibn-!Q/!Foh/ Nbsdi!38-!312: Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Efusjuvt!Dpotvmujoh!Muesfubjofe!cz!L/!Tnbsu!Bttpdjbuft!Mjnjufe! !up!dpoevdu!b!Tubhf!2.3!bsdibfpmphjdbm!bttfttnfou!po!Mput!5!boe!6-!Dpodfttjpo!2- Hfphsbqijdbm!Upxotijq!pg!Nbmbijef-!Dpvouz!pg!Fmhjo-!Qpsu!Csvdf-!Poubsjp!)Gjhvsf!2*/!Uijt! bttfttnfou!xbt!voefsublfo!jo!bewbodf!pg!b!qspqptfe!csjehf!sfqmbdfnfou!mpdbufe!bu!po!Jnqfsjbm! 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Nbovgbduvsf!pg!Qpuufsz!boe!Qpsdfmbjo<!xjui!Sfgfsfodf!up!Hfovjof!Tqfdjnfot!boe!Opujdft! pg!Fnjofou!Qpuufst/!Sfqsjoufe!2:79!cz!Cfbusjdf!D/!Xfjotupdl-Hsfbu!Ofdl-!Ofx!Zpsl/! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 57 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Tipuu-!Njdibfm!K/!Uif!Mfbwjuu!Tjuf;!B!Qbslijmm!Qibtf!Qbmfp.Joejbo!Pddvqbujpo!jo!Dfousbm! Njdijhbo/!Nfnpjst/!Wpm/!36/!Boo!Bscps;!Nvtfvn!pg!Bouispqpmphz-!Vojwfstjuz!pg!Njdijhbo-! 2::4/!! Tvsufft-!Spcfsu!K/!2::5/!Mboe!Dfttbujpot-!2874.2941/!Jo!Bcpsjhjobm!Poubsjp;!Ijtupsjdbm! Qfstqfdujwft!po!uif!Gjstu!Obujpot-!qq/!:3.232/!Fexbse!Sphfst!boe!Epobme!C/!Tnjui! )fejupst*/!Upspoup;!Evoevso!Qsftt/! Uibsq-!Mbst/!3128/!Uif!Psjhjo!pg!Jspotupof/!Jo!Tuplf!po!Usfou;!Sftpvsdft!po!uif!Opsui! Tubggpsetijsf!Qpuufsz!Joevtusz/iuuq;00xxx/uifqpuufsjft/psh0gfbuvsft0jspotupof/iun/!Mbtu! bddfttfe!Bvhvtu!25-!312:/! Wptt-!Cbscbsb!M/!3119/!Uif!Bsdibfpmphz!pg!Fuiophfoftjt;!Sbdf!boe!Tfyvbmjuz!jo!Dpmpojbm!Tbo! Gsbodjtdp/!Cfslfmfz;!Vojwfstjuz!pg!Dbmjgpsojb!Qsftt/! Xfbwfs-!Tbmmz/!2:89/!Tjy!Obujpot!pg!uif!Hsboe!Sjwfs-!Poubsjp/!Jo!Iboecppl!pg!Opsui!Bnfsjdbo! Joejbot/!Wpmvnf!26;!Opsuifbtu-!qq/!636.647/!Csvdf!H/!Usjhhfs-!fejups/!Xbtijohupo;! Tnjuitpojbo!Jotujuvujpo!Qsftt/! Xijuf-!Nbsjbo/!2:89/!Ofvusbm!boe!Xfosp/!Jo!Iboecppl!pg!Opsui!Bnfsjdbo!Joejbot!Wpmvnf!26;! Opsuifbtu-!qq/!518.522/!Csvdf!H/!Usjhhfs-!fejups/!Xbtijohupo;!Tnjuitpojbo!Jotujuvujpo! Qsftt/! Xjmtpo-!K/B/!boe!N/!Ipsof!2::6/!Djuz!pg!Mpoepo!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Nbtufs!Qmbo/!Mpoepo;!Djuz!pg! Mpoepo-!Efqbsunfou!pg!Qmboojoh!boe!Efwfmpqnfou/! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 58 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 59 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 5: Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 61 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 62 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 63 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 64 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 65 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 66 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 67 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 68 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 69 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 6: Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 71 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 72 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 73 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 74 Tubhf!2.3!Bsdibfpmphjdbm!Bttfttnfou-!Qpsu!Csvdf!Csjehf!Sfqmbdfnfou! Detritus Consulting Ltd. 75 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement K. Smart Associates Limited Stage 3 Site Specific Assessments for five archaeological sites located on Lot5, Concession 1,within the Geographical Township of Malahide and historical County of Elgin, Port Bruce, Ontario (Figure 1). These assessmentswere undertaken in advance of a proposed bridge replacement on Imperial Road, from Bank Street in the north to a point approximately 100 metres (m) south of Dexter Line 1). The investigations were med by the Planning Act (Government of Ontario 1990a), which states that decisions affecting planning matters must be consistent with the policies outlined in the larger Ontario Heritage Act (Government of Ontario 1990b). According to Section 2.6.2 of the development and site alteration shall not be permitted on lands containing archaeological resources or areas of archaeological potential unless significant archaeological resources have been conservedTo meet the conditions of this legislation, Stage 3 assessments were conducted at archaeological sites M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) under archaeological consulting license P017 issued to Mr. Garth Grimes by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport dhere to the archaeological license report requirements under subsection 65 (1) of the Ontario Heritage ActStandards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists Standards and Guidelinesntario 2011). An initial Stage 1-2 assessment of the Study Area was conducted by Detritus in May, 2019 (Detritus 2019; P017-0715-2019). The Study Area was irregularly shaped and measured approximately 2.86 hectares (ha). At the time of the assessment, it consisted of portions of Imperial Road, Dexter Line, and Rush Creek Line; their rights-of-way; and several residential properties along all three roads. Additionally, Catfish Creek and one its tributaries transect the Study Area along the northern edge. The Stage 1 background research noted that by 1877 Lot 4, Concession 1 was divided into two halves. C. Monro owned the parcel north of Catfish Creek and R. Wilson, the parcel south of Catfish Creek. Mr. Monro also owned the northern parcel of Lot 5, Concession 1, north of Rush Creek Line. Most of Lot 5 south of Catfish Creek was occupied by the early community of Port Bruce. It is unclear if Mr. Monro owned the portion of Lot 5 north of Catfish Creek. Based on the results of the Stage 1 investigation, the overgrown and manicured grassy areas throughout the Study Area exhibited archaeological potential and were recommended for Stage 2 field assessment. Approximately half of the Study Area was determined to be previously disturbed. These areas of disturbance included the existing asphalt road surfaces, their concrete and gravel shoulders, a number of gravel or asphalt laneways and parking areas, and three Natural Gas utility lines. The remainder of the Study Area comprised areas that were either steeply sloped or permanently wet due to the presence of Catfish Creek and its tributary. The Stage 2 assessment of the Study Area was conducted on May 27 and 31, 2019 and consisted of a test pit survey at 5m intervals. This investigation resulted in the documentation of five archaeological locations, identified as M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7). M1 (AdHg-5) comprised a single positive test pit and a single Stage 2 test unit in the manicured grass area on the south side of Rush Creek Line, east of Imperial Road, in the northern portion of the Study Area. The Stage 2 investigation of the site produced 12 Euro-Canadian artifacts and 4 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts. The Euro-Canadian component of the site was interpreted as a th small middle to late 19 century domestic site, possibly related to the occupation of C. Monro, th with 20 century contamination. The pre-contact Aboriginal component, meanwhile, comprised three thinning flakes and one secondary flake. Based on these results M1 (AdHg-5) did not fulfill any of the criteria for additional assessment. Given the fact that M1 (AdHg-5) was located just north of the early community of Port Bruce and that only four archaeological sites had been registered within the Borden block AdHg prior to the Detritus Consulting Ltd. ii Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Stage 2 assessment, Detritus determined that M1 (AdHg-5) retained cultural heritage value or Furthermore,through consultation of with the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation (COTTFN), additional assessment was requested to ensure there are no unaddressed Aboriginal archaeological interests connected with the site. Therefore,M1 (AdHg-5) was recommended for Stage 3 assessment. M5 (AdHg-9) was discovered in the grassy area north of Dexter Line, west of Imperial Road, and south of Catfish Creek on the portion of Lot 5 that was once part of the early community of Port Bruce.The Stage 2 assessment of the site resulted in the documentation of 14 Euro-Canadian artifacts and 5 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from five positive test pits covering an area of approximately 9m by 5m. Based on the results of this investigation,the Euro-Canadian component of the site interpreted as th small middle to late 19 century domestic site, possibly related to the occupation of the early community of Port Bruce. The Euro-Canadian component of M5 (AdHg-9) was determined to retain no further CHVI. The pre-contact Aboriginal component of the site, meanwhile, was interpreted a small activity area occupied briefly during the pre-contact period, and characterised by late stage lithic reduction activities. Given that at least five non-diagnostic artifacts were recovered from a 10m by 10m test pit survey are, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of M5 (AdHg-9) was recommended for Stage 3 assessment. P4 (AdHg-8) was discovered in the manicured grass area on the north side of Dexter Line, west of Imperial Road, south of Catfish Creek, and approximately 20m to the west of M5 (AdHg-9). The Stage 2 assessment of the site produced 15 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts and 7 Euro-Canadian artifacts. As was the case with nearby M5 (AdHg-5), the Euro-Canadian component of P4 (AdHg- th 8) was interpreted as a small middle to late 19 century domestic site, possibly related to the occupation of the early community of Port Bruce. The Euro-Canadian component of P4 (AdHg-9) was determined to retain no further CHVI. Given a complete absence of diagnostic artifacts, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of P4 (AdHg-8) was interpreted a small activity area occupied briefly by Aboriginal people during the pre-contact period, and characterised by late stage lithic reduction activities.Given that at least five non-diagnostic artifacts were recovered from a 10m by 10m test pit survey are, the pre- contact Aboriginal component of P4 (AdHg-8) was recommended for Stage 3 assessment. H2 (AdHg-6) was discovered in the manicured grass area on the south side of Dexter Line, East of Imperial Road, within the limits of historical Port Bruce. The Stage 2 assessment of the site produced 45 Euro-Canadian artifacts from two test pits.Based on the results of the Stage 2 th assessment, H2 (AdHg-6) was interpreted as small middle to late 19 century domestic site, possibly related to the occupation of the early community of Port Bruce. A Stage 3 assessment was recommended. H3 (AdHg-7) was identified in the manicured grass area on the north side of Dexter Line, opposite H2 (AdHg-6). The Stage 2 assessment of the site resulted in the documentation of 72 Euro-Canadian artifacts from 19 test pits.Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment, H3 th (AdHg-7) was interpreted as small middle to late 19 century domestic site, possibly related to the occupation of the early community of Port Bruce. A Stage 3 assessment was recommended. The Stage 3 assessments of M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6) and H3 (AdHg-7) were conducted by Detritus between June 21 and July 18, 2019 under archaeological consulting license P017 issued to Mr. Garth Grimes by the MTCS. The Stage 3 assessment of M1 (AdHg) yielded 16 Euro-Canadian artifacts from a line of three test units spanning the original positive Stage 2 test pit. Artifact yields were very low, ranging from th three to seven, and documented a period of occupation generally spanning the middle to late 19 century. No midden area was observed. Additionally, the westernmost unit, 195E, 500N, revealed evidence of deep disturbance that truncated the site on that side. This evidence, when considered with the Stage 2 results, suggests that the Euro-Canadian component of M1 (AdHg-5) was a small thth area of late 19 to 20 century debris that may have been associated with the occupation of C. Monro. Detritus Consulting Ltd. iii Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Given the absence of pre-contact Aboriginal material encountered during the Stage 3 assessment, it is impossible to build upon the Stage 2 conclusions, which identified the pre-contact Aboriginal component of the site as a small activity area occupied seasonally by pre-contact Aboriginal. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, and the period of occupation represented within the artifact assemblage, M1 (AdHg-5) does not fulfill any of the criteria for further archaeological investigation as per Section 3.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains no further CHVI.A Stage 4 archaeological mitigation of impacts for the site is not recommended. The Stage 3 test unit excavations at M5 (AdHg-9) and P4 (AdHg-8) determined that the two sites were nodes of a larger parent site, later identified as M5/P4 (AdHg-9). The Stage 3 assessment of the combined M5/P4 (AdHg-9) produced 316 Euro-Canadian artifacts and 180 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from 14 test units. The distribution of Euro-Canadian artifacts at the combined site was more reminiscent of smaller isolated deposits than a singular midden area. The predominance of thick window glass pieces, machine cut and wire drawn nails, and machine manufactured bottle glass within the Stage 3 assemblage is suggestive of a middle of thth the 19 to early 20 century occupation. This range is supported by the Stage 3 ceramic assemblage, which featured primarily undecorated ironstone sherds. The presence of horse tack, meanwhile, suggests that the occupants of the site were wealthy enough to stable a horse. Finally, A small modern fence post observed in Test Unit 215E, 503N and the modern fence wire th recovered from 230E, 510N suggests that a 20 century fence may have spanned the southern edge of the site. The Euro-Canadian component of M5/P4 (AdHg-9) has been interpreted as small pockets of late thth 19 to early 20 artifacts along the edge of a larger midden area that may extend to the northwest beyond the limits of the Study Area. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, and the occupation range represented in the artifact assemblage, the Euro-Canadian component of M5/P4 (AdHg-9) does not fulfill any of the criteria for further archaeological investigation as per Section 3.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains no further CHVI.A Stage 4 archaeological mitigation of impacts for the Euro-Canadian component of the site is not recommended. The pre-contact Aboriginal component of M5/P4 (AdHg-9) comprised 180 artifacts, including a single piece of Aboriginal pottery. The remainder of the assemblage consisted of pieces of chipping detritus. Five of the test units from P4 (AdHg-8) and two from M5 (AdHg-9) produced over ten pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts each and formed a single activity area in the middle of the merged site, measuring approximately 14m east to west by 9m north to south. Morphological analysis of the flake assemblage suggests that late stage lithic reduction was undertaken most actively at M5/P4 (AdHg-9) prior to European settlement. The presence of Aboriginal pottery, meanwhile suggests that this earlier occupation belongs to the Woodland period. Whereas no other features that are considered typical for Woodland period sites were observed, it is possible that both sites form the edge of a much larger Woodland period site that extends to the northwest beyond the limits of the Study Area.Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, wherein seven test units yielded 10 or more pre-contact artifacts, including a single piece of Aboriginal pottery, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of M5/P4 (AdHg-9) fulfills the criteria for a Stage 4 mitigation of impactsas per Section 3.4.1,Standards1aand 1cof the Standards and Guidelines(Government of Ontario 2011) and retains further CHVI. The Stage 3 assessment of H2 (AdHg-6) resulted in the documentation of 162 primarily Euro- Canadian artifacts from four test units. Three of these units formed a straight line between the edge of the Study Area to the south, and the two positive Stage 2 test pits to the north. A service pipe observed in Test Unit 200E, 500N suggested that the east side of the site was disturbed. Likewise, Test Unit 193E, 502N, excavated directly on one of the Stage 2 test pits, revealed disturbance layers. Although disturbed, Test Unit 193E, 502N produced the highest number artifacts on the site, and most of these from the surviving portion of the undisturbed topsoil layer. Given that the next highest yielding unit produced only 32 artifacts, it is proposed here that H2 (AdHg-6) represents the edge of a larger site that extends north into the disturbed area to the north. The ceramic Detritus Consulting Ltd. iv Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement th assemblage was dominated by RWE and ironstone, suggestive of a middle to late 19 century occupation. This occupation range is supported by the predominance of machine cut nails, and thick window glass. The presence of wire drawn nails and machine manufactured bottle glass may th extend this period of occupation into the 20 century. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, the Euro-Canadian component of H2 (AdHg-6) has been interpreted as the southern thth edge of a larger middle 19 to early 20 century midden area. Given the absence of any definitive th 20 century material culture in the Stage 3 assemblage, H2 (AdHg-6) fulfills the criterion for a Stage 4 mitigation of impacts, as outlined in Section 3.4.2, Standard 1a of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains further CHVI. One piece of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus was also represented in the Stage 3 assemblage at H2 (AdHg-6). This one flake represents less than 1% of the Stage 3 artifact assemblage at H2 (AdHg-6), and is thought to be residual. This conclusion is supported by the absence of pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts in the Stage 2 assemblage. The Stage 3 assessment of H3 (AdHg-7) the resulted in the documentation of 284 Euro-Canadian artifacts and ten pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus from five Stage 3 test units. Three of these units were positioned along the edge of the Study Area for the length of the Stage 2 site limits, and produced 30, 100 and 5 Euro-Canadian artifacts respectively. Two additional units positioned to the northeast and northwest of the highest yielding grid unit produced an additional 69 and 80 Euro-Canadian artifacts. th Seven hand painted RWE sherds within the Stage 3 assemblage were suggestive of a late 19 century occupation. This range is supported also by the presence of ironstone, clear and aqua bottle glass pieces, cut nails, clay pipe fragments, and thick window glass pieces. The presence of th wire drawn nails and three20century coinsextend the period of occupation. Whereas a few earlier ceramic pieceswere recovered, including three pieces of pearlware, these were interpreted asheirloom items. The Euro-Canadian component of H3 (AdHg-7) has been interpreted as thth middle of the 19toearly 20century midden area that extends primarily to the north of the Study Area. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, and the period of occupation represented within the artifact assemblage, the Euro-Canadian component of H3 (AdHg-7) does not fulfill any of the criteria for further archaeological investigation as per Section 3.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains no further CHVI.A Stage 4 archaeological mitigation of impacts for the Euro-Canadian component of H3 (AdHg-7)is not recommended. The ten pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts within the Stage 3 assemblage were recovered from two of the five units. Given an absence of cultural features, formal tools, or diagnostic material, the pre- contact Aboriginal component of the site has been interpreted as a small activity area within the limits of the larger Euro-Canadian midden area. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, wherein no test units yielded 10 or more pre-contact artifacts, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of H3 (AdHg-7) does not fulfillany of the criteria for further archaeological investigation as per Section 3.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). One of the Stage 3 test units at the site, however, produced eight pieces of chipping detritus. Given a dearth of registered archaeological sites within the AdHg Borden Block as a whole, the presence of eight pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts within a single unit was considered a rare occurrence. As a result, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of H3 (AdHg-7) fulfills the criterion for a Stage 4 mitigation of impacts, as outlined in Section 3.4.1, Guideline 1a of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains further CHVI. The MTCS prefers that sites recommended for Stage 4 mitigation be avoided and protected rather than excavated, as per Section 7.9.4, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Options to reduce or eliminate impacts to archaeological sites include redesigning the Study Area, excluding the archaeological site area from the Study Area, or incorporating the area of the archaeological site into the Study Area but without alteration, as outlined in Section 3.5 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011a). If these options are not feasible, Stage 4 archaeological mitigation by hand excavation is an alternative. In consultation with the Proponent, the Stage 4 mitigation of M5/P4 (AdHg-9), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) by avoidance and protection was a viable option. For more details regarding the avoidance and protection recommendations at each site, please refer to Section 5.0 of the accompanying Detritus Consulting Ltd. v Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement The Executive Summary highlights key points from the report only; for complete information and findings, the reader should examine the complete report. Detritus Consulting Ltd. vi Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 1.0 Project Context .........................................................................................................................11 1.1 Development Context .................................................................................................................11 1.2 Historical Context .......................................................................................................................11 1.2.1 Post-Contact Aboriginal Resources ....................................................................................11 1.2.2 Euro-Canadian Resources ................................................................................................. 12 1.2.3 Land Registry Record ........................................................................................................14 1.2.4 Recent Reports ...................................................................................................................14 1.3 Archaeological Context ..............................................................................................................14 1.3.1 Property Description and Physical Setting .......................................................................14 1.3.2 Pre-Contact Aboriginal Land Use .....................................................................................15 1.3.3 Previous Identified Archaeological Work .........................................................................15 1.3.4 Summary of Previous Investigations ................................................................................16 1.3.5 Archaeological Potential .....................................................................................................17 2.0 Field Methods ..........................................................................................................................19 3.0 Record of Finds .......................................................................................................................22 3.1 Cultural Material .......................................................................................................................22 3.2 M1 (AdHg-5)..............................................................................................................................23 3.2.1 Structural Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.5) .......................................................................23 3.2.2 Ceramics (see Appendices 10.2.1 and 10.2.2) ..................................................................23 3.2.3 Household Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.3).....................................................................23 3.2.4 Artifact Distribution and Settlement Pattern ..................................................................24 3.3 M5 (AdHg-9).............................................................................................................................24 Euro-Canadian Artifacts.............................................................................................................24 3.3.1 Structural Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.5) .......................................................................24 3.3.2 Ceramics (see Appendix 10.2.1 and 10.2.2).....................................................................25 3.3.3 Household Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.3).....................................................................26 3.3.4 Miscellaneous Metal and Horse Tack..............................................................................27 3.3.5 Personal Items...................................................................................................................27 3.3.6 Recent Material.................................................................................................................27 Pre-Contact Aboriginal Artifacts (see Appendix 10.3).............................................................27 3.3.7 Artifact Distribution and Settlement Pattern ..................................................................28 3.4 P4 (AdHg-8)..............................................................................................................................28 Euro-Canadian Artifacts.............................................................................................................28 3.4.1 Household Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.3) ......................................................................28 3.4.2 Structural Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.5) .......................................................................29 3.4.3 Ceramics (see Appendix 10.1.1) ........................................................................................29 3.4.4 Miscellaneous Metal Tools and Horse Tack ....................................................................31 Detritus Consulting Ltd. vii Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 3.4.5 Personal (see Appendix 10.2.4) ........................................................................................31 3.4.6 Recent Material .................................................................................................................31 Pre-Contact Aboriginal Artifacts (see Appendix 10.3).............................................................31 3.4.7 Artifact Distribution and Settlement Pattern ..................................................................32 3.5 H2 (AdHg-6)..............................................................................................................................32 3.5.1 Ceramics (see Appendix 10.2.1) ........................................................................................33 3.5.2 Structural Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.5) .......................................................................34 3.5.3 Household Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.3).....................................................................35 3.5.4 Miscellaneous Metal..........................................................................................................35 3.5.5 Personal Items (see Appendix 10.2.4)..............................................................................35 3.5.6 Recent Material.................................................................................................................36 3.5.7 Chipping Detritus..............................................................................................................36 3.5.8 Artifact Distribution and Settlement Pattern ..................................................................36 3.6 H3 (AdHg-7)..............................................................................................................................36 3.6.1 Structural Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.5) .......................................................................37 3.6.2 Ceramics.............................................................................................................................37 3.6.3 Household Artifacts (see Appendix 10.2.3).....................................................................39 3.6.4 Personal Items (see Appendix 10.2.4)..............................................................................39 3.6.5 Miscellaneous Metal and Horse Tack...............................................................................40 3.6.6 Pre-Contact Aboriginal.....................................................................................................40 3.3.7 Artifact Distribution and Settlement Pattern ..................................................................40 4.0 Analysis and Conclusions .......................................................................................................41 4.1 M1 (AdHg-5)..............................................................................................................................41 4.2 M5 (AdHg-9) & P4 (AdHg-8)...................................................................................................41 4.3 H2 (AdHg-6).............................................................................................................................42 4.4 H3 (AdHg-7)..............................................................................................................................42 5.0 Recommendations...................................................................................................................44 5.1 M1 (AdHg-5)..............................................................................................................................44 5.2 M5/P4 (AdHg-9).......................................................................................................................44 5.3 H2 (AdHg-6)..............................................................................................................................44 5.4 H3 (AdHg-7)..............................................................................................................................44 5.5 Summary ....................................................................................................................................45 6.0 Advice on Compliance with Legislation .................................................................................47 7.0 Bibliography and Sources .......................................................................................................48 8.0 Maps .........................................................................................................................................51 9.0 Images ......................................................................................................................................58 9.1 Field Photos ...............................................................................................................................58 9.2 Artifact Photos ...........................................................................................................................63 Detritus Consulting Ltd. viii Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 10.0 Appendices...............................................................................................................................67 10.1 Artifact Catalogues...................................................................................................................67 10.1.1 M1 (AdHg-5) Stage 3 Artifact Catalogue .........................................................................67 10.1.2 M5 (AdHg-9) Stage 3 Artifact Catalogue ........................................................................67 10.1.3 P4 (AdHg-8) Stage 3 Artifact Catalogue ..........................................................................71 10.1.4 H2 (AdHg-6) Stage 3 Artifact Catalogue ........................................................................75 10.1.5 H3 (AdHg-7) Stage 3 Artifact Catalogue .........................................................................77 10.2 Euro Canadian Artifact Descriptions .....................................................................................82 10.2.1 Ceramic Ware Types ........................................................................................................82 10.2.2 Ceramic Decorative Styles ...............................................................................................83 10.2.3 Household Artifacts .........................................................................................................84 10.2.4 Personal Artifacts ............................................................................................................84 10.2.5 Structural Artifacts ..........................................................................................................84 10.3 Pre-Contact Aboriginal Artifacts ............................................................................................85 Detritus Consulting Ltd. ix Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Project Manager: Garth Grimes, P017 Field Director: Jon Cousins,R296 Field Technicians: Ryan Eden; Mathew Gibson, R1160; Laura Savoie, R1237 Artifact Analysis: Jon Cousins, R296 Report Preparation: Walter McCall, P389 Mapping and GIS: Amanda Laprise, R470 Licensee Review: Garth Grimes,P017 Generous contributions by the following individuals and agencies made this report possible. Mr. Daryl Schwartzentruber of K. Smart Associates Limited Detritus Consulting Ltd. x Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement DetrituK. Smart Associates Limited conduct Stage 3 Site Specific Assessments for five archaeological sites located on Lot5, Concession 1, Geographical Township of Malahide, historical County of Elgin, Port Bruce, Ontario (Figure 1). These assessments were undertaken in advance of a proposed bridge replacement on Imperial Road, from Bank Street in the north to a point approximately 100 metres (m) 2). T Planning Act (Government of Ontario 1990a), which states that decisions affecting planning matters must be consistent with the policies outlined in the larger Ontario Heritage Act (Government of Ontario 1990b). Accdevelopment and site alteration shall not be permitted on lands containing archaeological resources or areas of archaeological potential unless significant archaeological resources have been conservedTo meet the conditions of this legislation, Stage 3 assessments were conducted at archaeological sites M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg- 6), and H3 (AdHg-7) under archaeological consulting license P017 issued to Mr. Garth Grimes by the chaeological license report requirements under subsection 65 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act (Government of Ontario 1990b) and Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists Standards and Guidelines Government of Ontario 2011). The purpose of a Stage 3 Site Specific Assessment is to assess the cultural heritage value or interest of a site through acontrolled collection of material. This information is used to support a determination of whether the site has been sufficiently documented or if further measures are required to protect or document it fully. In compliance with the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011), the objectives of the following Stage 3 assessments are: To collect a representative sample of artifacts; to determine the extent of each archaeological site and the characteristics of the artifacts; to assess the CHVI of each archaeological site; and to determine the need for mitigation of development impacts and recommend appropriate strategies for mitigation and future conservation. The licensee received permission from the Proponent to enter the land and conduct all required archaeological fieldwork activities, including the recovery of artifacts. The earliest recorded history of southern Ontario began in 1626, when French Recollet Father Daillon travelled the entire length of the Grand River and documented 28 Neutral villages in the area (Harper 1950; White 1978). In 1647, the Seneca attacked one eastern group of the Neutral and, by 1653, the Neutral had been assimilated by the Five Nations (White 1978; Noble 1978; Jamieson 1992). The Five Nations relinquished the Niagara Peninsula and northern Lake Ontario area before 1700. thth The late 17 and early 18 centuries represent a turning point moment in the evolution of the post-contact Aboriginal occupation of southern Ontario. At this time, various Iroquoian-speaking communities began migrating into southern Ontario from New York State, followed by the arrival of Algonkian-speaking groups from northern Ontario (Konrad 1981; Schmalz 1991). This period also marks the arrival of the Mississaugas into southern Ontario and, in particular, the watersheds of the lower Great Lakes. The oral traditions of the Mississaugas, as told by Chief Robert Paudash and recorded in 1904, suggest that the Mississaugas defeated the Mohawk Nation, who retreated to their homeland south of Lake Detritus Consulting Ltd. 11 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Ontario. Following this conflict, a peace treaty was negotiated between the two groups and, at the end of th the 17 century, the Mississaugas settled permanently in southern Ontario (Praxis Research Associates n.d.). Around this same time, members of the Three Fires Confederacy (Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi) began immigrating from Ohio and Michigan into southwestern Ontario (Feest and Feest 1978). In 1722, the Five Nations adopted the Tuscarora in New York becoming the Six Nations (Pendergast 1995). Sir Frederick Haldimand, Governor of Québec, made preparations to grant a large plot of land in south-central Ontario to those Six Nations who remained loyal to the Crown during the American War of Independence (Weaver 1978). More specifically, Haldimand arranged for the purchase of the Haldimand Tract in south-central Ontario from the Mississaugas. The Haldimand Tract, also known as the 1795 th Crown Grant to the Six Nations, was provided for in the Haldimand Proclamation of October 25, 1784 and was intended to extend a distance of six miles on each side of the Grand River from mouth to source (Weaver 1978). th The Study Area first enters the Euro-Canadian historic record a few years later on May 19 1790, as part of Treaty Number 2 made between the First Nation inhabitants of the area and the British, specifically Alexander McKee of the Indian Department (Surtees 1994). According to Morris, this treaty, was made with the Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawatomys and Hurons May 19th, 1790, portions of which nations had established themselves on the Detroit River all of whom had been driven by the Iroquois from the northern and eastern parts of the Province, from the Detroit River easterly to Catfish Creek and south of the river La Tranche \[Thames River\] and Chenail Ecarte, and contains Essex County except Anderdon Township and Part of West Sandwich; Kent County except Zone Township, and Gores of Camden and Chatham; Elgin County except Bayham Township and parts of South Dorchester and Malahide. In Middlesex County, Del\[a\]ware and Westminster Townships and part of North Dorchester. Morris 1943: 17 At this time, European squatters had already begun to settle along the banks of the Thames River, although their specific locations were not recorded until the first survey of the area was made following the First Nation land surrender in 1790 (Hamil 1951). The size and nature of the pre-contact settlements and the subsequent spread and distribution of Aboriginal material culture in southern Ontario began to shift with the establishment of European settlers in southern Ontario. Despite the inevitable encroachment of European settlers on previously established written accounts of material life and livelihood, the correlation of historically recorded villages to their archaeological manifestations, and the similarities of those sites to more ancient sites have revealed an antiquity to documented cultural expressions that confirms a deep historical continuity to Iroquoian systems of ideology and thought(Ferris 2009:114). As Ferris observes, despite the arrival of a competing culture, First Nations communities throughout southern Ontario have left behind archaeologically significant resources that demonstrate continuity with their pre- contact predecessors, even if they have not been recorded extensively in historical Euro-Canadian documentation. The five sites being considered in this report are located in the Geographic Township of Malahide and historical County of Elgin, Port Bruce, Ontario. On July 24, 1788, Sir Guy Carleton, the Governor-General of British North America, divided the Province of Québec into the administrative districts of Hesse, Nassau, Mecklenburg and Lunenburg (Archives of Ontario 2009). Further change came in December 1791 when the Province of Québec was rearranged into Upper Canada and Lower Canada under the Constitutional Act. Colonel John Graves Simcoe was appointed as Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada; he initiated several initiatives to populate the province including the establishment of shoreline communities with effective transportation links between them (Coyne 1895:33). Detritus Consulting Ltd. 12 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement In July 1792, Simcoe divided Upper Canada into 19 counties stretching from Essex in the west to Glengarry in the east. Later that year, the four districts originally established in 1788 were renamed as the Western, Home, Midland and Eastern Districts. As population levels in Upper Canada increased, smaller and more manageable administrative bodies were needed resulting in the establishment of many new counties and townships. As part of this realignment, the boundaries of the Home and Western Districts were shifted and the London and Niagara Districts were established. Under this new territorial arrangement, the sites became part of the London District (Archives of Ontario 2009). The area of Elgin County was first settled by Lieutenant Thomas Talbot, the personal secretary of Lieutenant Governor Simcoe. After resigning from the military, Talbot sought to establish a small agricultural settlement at Kettle Creek, now Port Stanley. Given delays to this land grant, Simcoe requested 5,000 acres for future settlement along the north shore of Lake Erie on behalf of Talbot. In 1803, Talbot arrived from England and established a small settlement that he named Port Talbot. He erected a log house on a hill facing the lake with a view of Talbot Creek valley. By 1808, he had ith seed for wheat, barley, peas, and oats (McCallum 2016). At the time, much of southwestern Ontario was owned by speculators, the Crown or the Anglican Church. Talbot, however, sought industrious settlers who demonstrated skill in infrastructure development, as opposed to land speculators. In addition to the settlement at Port Talbot, Talbot was granted 200 acres for every settler that he received. As part of this initiative, Talbot settled immigrants in Aldborough and Dunwich Townships, and eventually in Southwold, Yarmouth, Malahide, and Bayham Townships. By the th middle of the 19 century, the population of Elgin County had risen to 12,000 settlers and over 60,000 acres had been cleared for cultivation (McCallum 2016). Between 1837 and 1851, Elgin County was part of Middlesex County. In 1841, Middlesex County became part of Canada West in the new United Province of Canada. Following the abolition of the district system in 1849, the counties of Canada West were reconfigured once again. In 1851, Elgin County was severed from Middlesex County and was named for the Governor-General of the time, Lord Elgin. Throughout the reminder of the century, a number of schools, churches, businesses and industries were established throughout Elgin County, including a notable ship building industry at Port Burwell and fishing industries at Port Stanley and Port Burwell. Furthermore, at least five different railways eventually spanned the county, linking it to cities and ports in Canada and the United States, including the Michigan Central, the Pere Marquette, the London and Port Stanley, the Canadian National and the Canadian Pacific (McCallum 2016). The Township of Malahide also received its name from Talbot, who sought to honour the Castle of Malahide in Ireland. The earliest settlers to the township were the five Davis brothers, American immigrants who arrived in 1810. Although Malahide did not grow significantly until much later, it boasted a population of approximately 800 people by 1817. At this time, nearly all of the first, eighth, and ninth concessions had been settled. The earliest businesses, including a general store, hotel, tailor and schoolhouse was erected in Malahide township earlier in 1816. Passage through the township was aided by the graveling of the AylmerPort Bruce Road, now known as Highway 73/Imperial Road, in 1855 (Page & Co. 1877). The Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Elgin Ont. (Page & Co. 1877), demonstrates the extent to which Malahide Township had been settled by 1877 (Figure 3). Landowners are listed for every lot within the township. Many of the lots had been subdivided into smaller parcels to th accommodate an increasing population throughout the late 19century. Structures and orchards are prevalent throughout the township, almost all of which front early roads, such as Talbot Road. All five of the sites detailed in this report are located on Lot 5, Concession 1. The majority of Lot 5, like Lot 4 to the west, was owned by C. Monroe. The Monroe Estate included the portions of both lots located north of Catfish Creek, and was traversed by what is now Rush Creek Line. A house and orchard are depicted on either side of Rush Creek Line in Lot 4; a school house occupies the southeast corner. Most of Lot 5 south of Catfish Creek was occupied by the early community of Port Bruce. It is unclear who owned the portion of the lot east of Port Bruce and south of Catfish Creek, although it may have been an owner of Lot 4, Concession 1, south of Catfish Creek. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 13 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Although significant and detailed landowner information is available on the Historical Atlas map of Malahide Township, it should be recognized that historical county atlases were produced primarily to identify factories, offices, residences and landholdings of subscribers and were funded by subscriptions fees. Therefore, landowners who did not subscribe were not always listed on the maps (Caston 1997). Moreover, associated structures were not necessarily depicted or placed accurately (Gentilcore and Head 1984). According to the Land Registry Records for Malahide Township (Government of Ontario 2018), the Crown Patent for Lot 5 Concession 1 was granted to Honourable John Hale by the Crown on June 4, 1817. The next transaction took place in October of 1854 when a plan for Port Bruce was registered for portions of Lots 4, 5, and 6. The grantor is listed as J.P. Ball P.L.L. Mr. Ball granted these lots to three people, Lindley Moore, Amasa Lewis, and Elijah Bens. In November 1855 John A. Hogan sold a portion of his lot to John Hutchison. In December 1855, Edward Hale, the eldest son of Honourable John Hale deeded a portion of the lot to Amasa Lewis. It is unclear from the records how Mr. Hogan acquired the land he sold th to Mr. Hutchinson. Throughout the remainder of the 19 century many small portions of land within Port Bruce were sold by Mr. Moore, Mr. Lewis, and Mr. Bens, to various people. Given the illegibility of the comments in the records it is difficult to associate any of the transactions with the particular portions of Lot 5 in which the current Stage 3 sites are located. Archaeological sites M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) were discovered during a Stage 1-2 assessment of the Study Area, conducted by Detritus in May 2019 (P017- 0715-2019) and documented in the following assessment report; Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment,Port Bruce Bridge Replacement.Lots 4 and 5, Geographical Township of Malahide, County of Elgin,Port Bruce, Ontario (Detritus 2019). The results of this investigation will be discussed in greater detail below in Section 1.3.4. The Stage 2 Study Area was irregularly shaped and measured approximately 2.86 hectares (ha). At the time of the assessment, it consisted of portions of Imperial Road, Dexter Line, and Rush Creek Line; their rights-of-way; and several residential properties along all three roads. Additionally, Catfish Creek and one its tributaries transect the Study Area along the northern edge. Four of the five sites were located in the southern portion of the Study Area, near the intersection of Dexter Line and Imperial Road. M1 (AdHg) was situated just south of Rush Creek Line, east of Imperial Road. Prior to the industrialization and commercial development of the area, the majority of the region surrounding the five sites has been subject to European-style agricultural practices for over 100 years, th having been settled by Euro-Canadian farmers from the early 19 century. Much of the region continues to be used for agricultural purposes. All five sites aresituated withinthe Norfolk Sand Plain physiographic region. The Norfolk Sand Plain has been classified as a wedge-shaped plain stretching from the Niagara Escarpment in a southwesterly direction to the north shore of Lake Erie. The sands and silts of this region were deposited as a delta in glacial Lakes Whittlesey and Warren, and was formed from west to east as the glacier withdrew (Chapman and Putnam 1984). These physiographic elements accumulated overgrey shale and limestone bedrock belongingto the Middle Devonian Dundee formation (Davidson 1989).During pre-contact and early th contact times, this area comprised a mixture of deciduous trees and open areas. Inthe late 18century, Euro-Canadian settlers began to clear the forests for agricultural purposes, which have been ongoing in the vicinity of the Study Area for over 100 years. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 14 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement The closest source of potable water is Catfish Creek, which traverses the middle of the Study Area to the north of Dexter Line and four of the five documented sites. A tributary of Catfish Creek traverses the northern edge of the Study Area, to the northeast of M1 (AdHg-5) This portion of southwestern Ontario has been occupied by people as far back as 11,000 years ago as the glaciers retreated. For the majority of this time, people were practicing hunter gatherer lifestyles with a gradual move towards more extensive farming practices.Table 1provides a general outline of the cultural chronology of Malahide Township, based on Ellis and Ferris (1990). first human occupation 9500 7000 BCPaleo Indianhunters of caribou and other extinct Pleistocene game nomadic, small band society ceremonial burials 7500 -1000 BCArchaicincreasing trade network Hunter gatherers large and small camps 1000 -400 BCEarly Woodlandspring congregation/fall dispersal introduction of pottery kinship based political system 400 BC AD 800Middle Woodlandincipient horticulture long distance trade network Early Iroquoianlimited agriculture AD 800 -1300 (Late Woodland)developing hamlets and villages shift to agriculture complete Middle Iroquoian AD1300 -1400increasing political complexity (Late Woodland) large palisaded villages regional warfare and AD 1400 -1650Late Iroquoianpolitical/tribal alliances destruction of Huron and Neutral In order to compile an inventory of archaeological resources in the vicinity of the archaeological sites documented in this report, the registered archaeological site records kept by the MTCS were consulted. In Ontario, information concerning archaeological sites stored in the ASDB (Government of Ontario n.d.) is maintained by the MTCS. This database contains archaeological sites registered according to the Borden system. Under the Borden system, Canada is divided into grid blocks based on latitude and longitude. A Borden Block is approximately 13km east to west and approximately 18.5km north to south. Each Borden Block is referenced by a four-letter designator and sites within a block are numbered sequentially as they are found. The five sites currently under review are situated in Borden Block AdHg. Information concerning specific site locations is protected by provincial policy, and is not fully subject to the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (Government of Ontario 1990c). The release of such information in the past has led to looting or various forms of illegally conducted site destruction. Confidentiality extends to all media capable of conveying location, including maps, drawings, or textual descriptions of a site location. The MTCS will provide information concerning site location to the party or an agent of the party holding title to a property, or to a licensed archaeologist with relevant cultural resource management interests. According to the ASDB, a single archaeological site has been registered within 1km of the Study Area. Pineo 1 (AdHg-1) is a multi-component site of which the pre-contact component dates from the Middle Archaic to the Late Woodland periods. , no other assessments have been conducted adjacent to the Study Area, and no sites are registered within 50m of the Study Area. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 15 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement An initial Stage 1-2 assessment of the Study Area was conducted by Detritus in May, 2019 (Detritus 2019; P017-0715-2019). At the time of the assessment, the Study Area consisted of portions of Imperial Road, Dexter Line, and Rush Creek Line; their rights-of-way; and several residential properties along all three roads. Additionally, Catfish Creek transected the centre of the Study Area and one its tributaries, the northern edge (Figure 2). Based on the results of the Stage 1 investigation, the overgrown and manicured grassy areas throughout the Study Area exhibited archaeological potential and were recommended for Stage 2 field assessment. Approximately half of the Study Area was determined to be previously disturbed. The areas of disturbance included the existing asphalt road surfaces, their concrete and gravel shoulders, 15 gravel or asphalt laneways and parking areas, and three Natural Gas utility lines. The remainder of the Study Area comprised areas that were either steeply sloped or permanently wet due to the presence of Catfish Creek and its tributary. The previously disturbed steeply sloped, and permanently wet areas were mapped and photographed only. The Stage 2 assessment of the Study Area was conducted on May 27 and 31, 2019 and consisted of a test pit survey at 5m intervals across the non-sloping grass areas. This investigation resulted in the documentation of five archaeological locations, identified as M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7). All five of the sites were located on Lot 5, Concession 1. The Stage 2 assessment of M1 (AdHg-5) resulted in the documentation of 12 Euro-Canadian artifacts and 4 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from a single test pit and a single test unit located in the manicured grass area on the south side of Rush Creek Line, east of Imperial Road, in the northern portion of the Study Area. Half of the Euro-Canadian assemblage comprised four cut nails and two animal bone th fragments, suggestive of a middle to late 19 century occupation. The other half consisted of two modern beer bottle fragments,two pieces of fence wire,one piece of asphalt, and one plastic coffee cup lid,all of th which was interpreted as 20 century debris. The Euro-Canadian component of M1 (AdHg-5) was th interpreted as small middle to late 19 century domestic site, possibly related to the occupation of C. th Monro, with 20 century contamination. Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment, the Euro- Canadian component of M1 (AdHg-5) did not meet the criteria for additional assessment. The pre-contact Aboriginal component of the site comprised three thinning flakes and one secondary flake. Two of the thinning flakes were manufactured from Haldimand chert; the other thinning flake and the secondary flake were manufactured from Onondaga chert. Given an absence of diagnostic artifacts, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of M1 (AdHg-5) was interpreted as a small activity area occupied briefly by Aboriginal people during the pre-contact period, and characterised by late stage lithic reduction. Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment, wherein only four non-diagnostic artifacts were recovered, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of M1 (AdHg-5) did not fulfill any of the criteria for further assessment outlined in Section 2.2, Standard 1of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Detritus also noted, however, that M1 (AdHg-5) wasidentified just north of the early community of Port Bruce within a Borden Block that had produced only four registered archaeological sites prior to Stage 2 assessment.Additionally, the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation (COTTFN) requested additional assessment to ensure there are no unaddressed Aboriginal archaeological interests connected with the site. Therefore, despite a paucity of artifacts observed during the Stage 2 assessment, the pre- contact Aboriginal component of M1 (AdHg-5) was recommended for Stage 3 assessment, as per Section 2.2, Guidelines 1 and 2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). M5 (AdHg-9) was discovered on the northwest corner of Dexter Line and Imperial Road, to the south of Catfish Creek, in the northwest corner of historical Port Bruce according to the 1877 Historical Atlas map. The Stage 2 assessment of M5 (AdHg-9) resulted in the documentation of 14 Euro-Canadian artifacts and 5 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from five positive test pits covering an area of approximately 9m by 5m. The Euro-Canadian component of the site comprised four glass bottle pieces, three cut nails, two thin window glass shards, a single sherd of undecorated ironstone, a red brick fragment, an animal bone, a piece of chimney glass, and an unidentified metal ring. Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment, the th site was interpreted as small middle to late 19 century domestic site related to the occupation of the early community of Port Bruce. Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment of M5 (AdHg-9), wherein less Detritus Consulting Ltd. 16 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement than 20 artifacts were observed dating to a period of use to before 1900, the Euro-Canadian component of M5 (AdHg-9) was determined to retain no further CHVI. The pre-contact Aboriginal component of M5 (AdHg-9) consisted of five pieces of chipping detritus, all of which were identified as thinning flakes. Four of these were manufactured from Onondaga chert, and the other from an unknown chert type. Given an absence of diagnostic artifacts, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of M5 (AdHg-9) was interpreted a small activity area occupied briefly by Aboriginal people during the pre-contact period, and characterised by late stage lithic reduction. Given that at leastfive non- diagnostic artifacts were recovered from a 10m by 10m test pit survey area, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of M5 (AdHg-9) was recommended for Stage 3 assessment. P4 (AdHg-8) was identified in the manicured grass area approximately 20m to the southwest of M5 (AdHg-9). The Stage 2 assessment of the site resulted in the documentation of 15 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts and 7 Euro-Canadian artifacts from eight positive test pits covering an area of approximately 8m east to west by 6m north to south. The pre-contact Aboriginal component of the site comprised 11 thinning flakes, 3 secondary flakes, and 1 flake fragment. Given anabsence of diagnostic artifacts, the pre- contact Aboriginal component of P4 (AdHg-8) was interpreted as a small activity area occupied briefly by Aboriginal people during the pre-contact period, and characterised by late stage lithic reduction. Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment, wherein at least five non-diagnostic artifacts were recovered from a 10m by 10m test pit survey area, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of P4 (AdHg-8) was recommended for a Stage 3 assessment. The Euro-Canadian component of P4 (AdHg-8) comprised four cut nails, one bird bone, one ironstone fragment,and one piece of window glass. The cut nails and ironstone fragment date from the middle to th late 19 century. Given their small quantity, however, these artifacts were considered at the time to be misplaced from nearby M5 (AdHg-9) to the northeast. Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment, the Euro-Canadian component of P4 (AdHg-8) did not fulfill the criteria for a Stage 3 assessment and was determined to retain no additional CHVI. H2 (AdHg-6) was discovered to the east of Imperial Road on the south side of Dexter Line within historical Port Bruce. The Stage 2 assessment of the site resulted in the documentation of 45 Euro- Canadian artifacts from two test pits, 6m apart. The artifact assemblage was dominated by ceramic sherds th and documented a period of occupation spanning the middle to late 19 century, based primarily on the predominance of ironstone ceramic pieces and machine cut nails. H2 (AdHg-6) was interpreted as a th middle to late 19 century domestic site related to the early community of Port Bruce. Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment, wherein at least 20 artifacts dating to a period of use to before 1900 were observed, H2 (AdHg-6) was recommended for Stage 3 assessment. H3 (AdHg-7) was discovered on the north side of Dexter Line, opposite H2 (AdHg-6), but still within the limits of historical Port Bruce. The Stage 2 assessment of the site resulted in the documentation of 72 Euro-Canadian artifacts from 19 test pits covering an area of 21m northwest to southeast by 7m northeast to southwest. The artifact assemblage was dominated by sherds RWE although ironstone, pearlware, and stoneware were also represented. Given the presence also of cut nails, clear bottle glass,and white clay pipe fragments, H3 (AdHg-7) was interpreted as asmall middle to late th 19 century domestic site related to the occupation of the early occupation of Port Bruce. Based on the results of the Stage 2 assessment, wherein at least 20 artifacts dating to a period of use to before 1900 were observed, H3 (AdHg-7) was recommended for Stage 3 assessment. Archaeological potential is established by determining the likelihood that archaeological resources may be present on a subject property. Detritus applied archaeological potential criteria commonly used by the MTCS (Government of Ontario 2011) to determine areas of archaeological potential throughout Study Area, focusing on the vicinity of archaeological sites M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7). These variables include proximity to previously identified archaeological sites, distance to various types of water sources, soil texture and drainage, glacial geomorphology, elevated topography, and the general topographic variability of the area. Distance to modern or ancient water sources is generally accepted as the most important determinant of past human settlement patterns and, when considered alone, may result in a determination of Detritus Consulting Ltd. 17 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement archaeological potential. However, any combination of two or more other criteria, such as well-drained soils or topographic variability, may also indicate archaeological potential. When evaluating distance to water it is important to distinguish between water and shoreline, as well as natural and artificial water sources, as these features affect sites locations and types to varying degrees. The MTCS (Government of Ontario 2011) categorizes water sources in the following manner: Primary water sources: lakes, rivers, streams, creeks; secondary water sources: intermittent streams and creeks, springs, marshes and swamps; past water sources, glacial lake shorelines, relic river or stream channels, cobble beaches, shorelines of drained lakes or marshes; and accessible or inaccessible shorelines: high bluffs, swamp or marshy lake edges, sandbars stretching into marsh. The closest source of potable water is Catfish Creek, which traverses the middle of the Study Area to the north of Dexter Line and four of the five documented sites. A tributary of Catfish Creek traverses the northern edge of the Study Area, to the northeast of M1 (AdHg-5), the only site documented along Rush Creek Line.Additional ancient, relic, or seasonal water courses may have been present in the past but are not depicted on modern or historic mapping. Soil texture is also an important determinant of past settlement, usually in combination with other factors such as topography. The Study Area is situated within the Norfolk Sand Plainphysiographic region.The soils within this region are well-drained, andsuitable for pre-contact and post contact Aboriginal agricultural. Considering also the length of occupation of MalahideTownship prior to the arrival of Euro- Canadian settlers, as evidenced by the multi-component siteregistered within 1km of the Stage 2 Study Area,and the potential for pre-contact and post-contact Aboriginal archaeological material at the five sitessiteis judged to be moderate to high. For Euro-Canadian sites, archaeological potential can be extended to areas of early Euro-Canadian settlement, including places of military or pioneer settlements; early transportation routes; and properties listed on the municipal register or designated under the Ontario Heritage Act (Government of Ontario 1990b) or property that local histories or informants have identified with possible historical events. TheHistorical Atlas map demonstrate the extent to which Malahide Township was occupied by 1877. Landowners are listed for every lot in the township, many of which have been subdivided multiple times th to accommodate a growing population in the second half of the 19 century. Structures and orchards are prevalent throughout the township, almost all of which front early roads, such as Talbot Road. All five of the sites detailed in this report are located on Lot 5, Concession 1. Four of these fall within the limits of the early community of Port Bruce. M1 (AdHg-5) was located just to the north of Port Bruce along what is now Rush Creek Line on a large property owned by C. Monro. The southern end of the Monroe Estate was traversed by what is now Rush Creek Line. A house and orchard are depicted on either side of Rush Creek Line in neighbouring Lot 4; a school house occupies the southeast corner. Considering also the multi-component site registered within 1km of the Stage 2 Study Area and the potential for post- contact Euro-Canadian archaeological resources at the five sites is judged to be moderate to high. Finally, despite the factors mentioned above, extensive land disturbance can eradicate archaeological potential within a Study Area (Wilson and Horne 1995). At the time of the Stage 2 assessment, approximately half of the Study Area was determined to have been previously disturbed. These areas of disturbance included the existing asphalt road surfaces, their concrete and gravel shoulders, 15 gravel or asphalt laneways and parking areas and three areas of Natural Gas utilities. The remainder of the Study Area comprised areas that were either steeply sloped or permanently wet due to the presence of Catfish Creek and its tributary. The previously disturbed steeply sloped and permanently wet areas were mapped and photographed only. The five sites under review were all located in the undisturbed grassy areas adjacent to the roadways. Given that the sites themselves appear to be undisturbed, the potential for pre-contact and post-contact archaeological resources at the five sites is judged to be moderate to high Detritus Consulting Ltd. 18 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement The Stage 3 assessments of M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) were conducted between June 21 and July 18, 2018 under archaeological consulting license P017 issued to Mr. Garth Grimes by the MTCS. During the assessment, the weather was warm and sunny. The soil was dry and screened easily.At no time during the investigation were field or weather conditions detrimental to the recovery of archaeological material, asoutlined in Section 3.2, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Lighting and soil conditions were suitable and visibility was excellent, as required by Section 7.11.1, Standard 1a of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Table 2 provides a summary of the weather and field conditions during the Stage 3 archaeological assessment; Photos 1 to 29 illustrate field conditions. 0 June 21, 2019M1 (AdHg-5)warm, 20Csoil dry and screens easily H2 (AdHg-6) 0 July10, 2019H2 (AdHg-6)hot, 25Csoil dry and screens easily H3 (AdHg-7) 0 July 12, 2019P4 (AdHg-8)warm, 20Csoil dry and screens easily 0 July 18, 2019P4 (AdHg-8)warm, 25Csoil dry and screens easily M5 (AdHg-9) The Stage 3 investigations began with a review of all relevant reports of previous fieldwork on the property as per Section 3.2, Standard 1 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Upon arrival at the site, geographic reference markers that were established during the Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the property were relocated using a Garmin eTrex 10 handheld GPS unit, with a minimum accuracy 1-2.5m (North American Datum 1983 and Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17T) in tandem with an optical theodolite. Two permanent datum stakes were placed in the ground at each site, as per Section 3.2.2, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011).All coordinates taken during the Stage 3 assessment are listed in the Supplementary Documentation that accompanies this report. For archaeological sites documented through a pedestrian survey of open ploughed fields, a Stage 3 field investigation typically begins with a CSP, conducted as per Section 3.2.1 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Given that all five sites in the current assessment were documented during a test pit assessment, no CSP was conducted. The Stage 3 assessment at each site consisted solely of the hand excavation of 1m test units, conducted as per Section 3.2.2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) A 5m by 5m grid was established across the limits of each site as identified through the Stage 2 test pit survey, as per Section 3.2.3 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). The grids were established using hand tapes and an optical theodolite. In total, the Stage 3 assessments at M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) included the hand excavation of 26 1m square test units strategically positioned to test the nature and density of the subsurface artifact distribution at each site.Given the absence of CSP data, it was not yet evident that the level of CHVI at any of the five sites would result in a recommendation to proceed to Stage 4. As a result, 1m square test units initially placed at 5m intervals across the Stage 2 limits of each site, as per Table 3.1, Standard 1 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Alltest units were excavated in systematic levels as per Section 3.2.2, Standard 4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Those that did not contain a cultural feature were excavated into the first five centimetres (cm) of subsoil, as per Section 3.2.2, Standard 5 of the Standards and Detritus Consulting Ltd. 19 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011).The subsoil surface was then shovel shined, trowelled and examined for any evidence of subsurface cultural features prior to backfilling. A single post hole was observed at P4 (AdHg-8). The subsoil surface of this unit was shovel shined, but not excavated below the level of the feature.Although it was later concluded that the post hole represented a modern fence post (see Section 3.4.7 below), the exposed plan of the feature was recorded, and geotextile cloth was placed over the unit floor prior to back filling as per Section 3.2.2, Standard 6 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Each test unit contained a topsoil layer (Layer 1) directly sealing the subsoil.Additional disturbance layers were documented at M1 (AdHg-5) and H2 (AdHg-6) (see Sections 3.2.4 and 3.5.8 below). Allof the soil from the Stage 3 units was screened through six-millimetre (mm) hardware cloth to facilitate the recovery of small artifacts, as per Section 3.2.2, Standard 7 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). All artifacts recovered during the Stage 3 excavations were retained for analysis and description; they were catalogued with reference to their corresponding site, grid unit designator, and soil layer when applicable. Photographs of the Stage 3 test unit excavations are provided in Section 9.1 of this report. Details regarding the grid layout at each site follows below. At M1 (AdHg-5), two Stage 3 test units were excavated 5m apart, one on either side of the positive Stage 2 test pit, as per Table 3.1, Standard 1 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). An additional unit amounting to 50% of the grid total was then excavated between them, directly on top of the positive test pit, as per Table 3.1, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). A single topsoil layer (Layer 1) was observed in all units; a disturbance layer was observed in Test Unit 195E, 500N (see Section 3.2.4 below). The test units at M1 (AdHg-5) ranged in depth from 21cm to 60cm; taking into account that each test unit had been excavated 5cm into subsoil, Layer 1 ranged in depth from 16cm to 55cm. Artifact yields ranged from three to seven. The limits of the Stage 3 grid were based on repetitive low yields in all units. At M5 (AdHg-9),it became clear over the course of the grid unit excavation that the level of CHVI would result in a recommendation to proceed to Stage 4. As a result, the test unit placement strategy was revised and three test units were positioned at 10m intervals across the site as per Table 3.1,Standard 3 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011).Following this, three additional units amounting to 100.0% of the grid unit total were excavated, focusing on areas of interest within the site extent as per Table 3.1,Standard 4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). A final Stage 3 unit was excavated 10m to the north of the site, to test the periphery on that side. A single topsoil layer (Layer 1) was observed in all units. The test units at M5 (AdHg-9) ranged in depth from 20cm to 48cm; taking into account that each test unit had been excavated 5cm into subsoil, Layer 1 ranged in depth from 15cm to 43cm. Artifact yields among the Stage 3 test units ranged from 1 to 33 for Euro-Canadian artifacts and 0 to 31 for pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts. The limits of the Stage 3 excavation grid were based on low artifact yields to the north and northeast, the limits of the Study Area to the northwest, and an area of disturbance to the southeast. To the southwest, M5 (AdHg-9) merged with the Stage 3 grid at P4 (AdHg-8) (see Section 3.4.7 below). At P4 (AdHg-8), test unit placement was restricted by the presence of a driveway to the west of the site, weeping bed and a large tree in the northwest corner, and a natural gas utility line to the south. A single test unit was excavated within the area of the weeping bed, revealing a sewer pipe and few artifacts. Another unit was excavated adjacent to the south side of the weeping bed. Five additional units were clustered to the east of the weeping bed, nestled between the Study Area boundary to the north, the natural gas line to the south, and M5 (AdHg-9) to the east. Over the course of the Stage 3 test unit excavation, it became clear that the level of CHVI at P4 (AdHg-8) would result in a recommendation to proceed to Stage 4. Furthermore, it was determined later that P4 (AdHg-8) and M5 (AdHg-9) were two loci of the same site. In order to meet the conditions outlined in Table 3.1,Standards 3 and 4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011), while still maintaining a single grid between the neighbouring sites,the two test units at P4 (adHg-8) excavated at 205E and 215E, just south of the 505N grid line have been assigned as grid units. The two test units excavated to the north of these were also assigned to the excavation grid, albeit at reduced intervals given the physical constraints of the site. The remaining three test units, amounting to 75% of the grid total, were identified as infill units, focusing on areas of interest within the site extent. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 20 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement A single topsoil layer (Layer 1) was observed in all units. The test units at P4 (AdHg-8) ranged in depth from 23cm to 46cm; taking into account that each test unit had been excavated 5cm into subsoil, Layer 1 ranged in depth from 18cm to 41cm. Artifact yields among the Stage 3 test units ranged from 11 to 54 for Euro-Canadian artifacts and 0 to 42 for pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts. At H2,it became clear over the course of the grid unit excavation that the level of CHVI would result in a recommendation to proceed to Stage 4. Test unit placement at the site was restricted, however, by the presence of a sidewalk and an electrical utility line within the site limits, as well as Dexter Line and the Study Area limits to the north and south respectively. Additionally, a test unit excavated on top of one of the positive Stage 2 test pits revealed disturbance layers (Layers 2 and 3; see Section 3.5.8 below). As a result, the test unit placement strategy was revised and three test units were positioned in a straight line along the undisturbed area between the positive test pits to the north and the Study Area boundary to the south. For the sake of convenience, and to meet the conditions outlined in Table 3.1,Standards 3 and 4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011), the two outside units have been designated grid units at a slightly larger interval given the physical constraints of the site. The two units excavated between the utility line and the side walk, which account for 100% of this grid total, were identified as infill units, focusing on areas of interest within the site extent. A single topsoil layer (Layer 1) was observed in allfour units. The test unit excavated at 193E, 502N on top of the positive Stage 2 test pit featured two disturbance layers (Layers 2 and 3) truncating Layer 1 (see Section 3.5.8 below). Overall, the test units ranged in depth from 44 to 55cm; taking into account that each test unit had been excavated 5cm into subsoil, Layer 1 ranged in depth from 39cm to 48cm among the undisturbed units; 11cm to 15cm of Layer 1 was preserved in the disturbed unit. Artifact yields among the Stage 3 test units ranged from 3to 116 Euro-Canadian artifacts; a single piece of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus was also observed in the easternmost unit of the site.The limits of the Stage 3 excavation grid were based on low artifact yields to the east and west, an area of disturbance and the Dexter Line right-of-way to the north, and the Study Area limits to the south. At H3 (AdHg-6), it became clear over the course of the Stage 3 grid unit excavation, that the level of CHVI at the site would result in a recommendation to proceed to Stage 4. It was also determined that the site extended farther north beyond the limits of the Study Area. As a result, the test unit placement strategy was revised and three test units were positioned at 10m intervals along the Study Area boundary, across the widest portion of the site as per Table 3.1,Standard 3 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Two additional units amounting to 67% of the original grid total were excavated, focusing on areas of interest within the site extent as per Table 3.1,Standard 3 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Artifact yields among the Stage 3 test units ranged from 5 to 100 Euro-Canadian artifacts; ten pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus was also recovered between two units of the five. The limits of the Stage 3 excavation grid were based on the Study Area boundary to the northeast, low artifact yields to the southeast, and areas of disturbance on all other sides. The test units at H3 (AdHg-6) ranged in depth from 18cm to 34cm; taking into account that each test unit had been excavated 5cm into subsoil, the plough zone ranged in depth from 13cm to 29cm. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 21 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement The record of finds is presented for five archaeological sites; M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7). Figures 4 to 7 illustrate the results of these investigations, as well as photograph locations and directions. Maps indicating the exact location of the sites, as well as all UTM coordinates recorded during the Stage 3 assessments, are included in the Supplementary Documentation to this report. An inventory of the documentary record generated by the fieldwork is provided in Table 3 below. 9Page of Field NotesDetritus officestored digitally in project file 1 Map Provided by the ProponentDetritus officestored digitally in project file 5Field MapsDetritus officestored digitally in project file 278Digital PhotographsDetritus officestored digitally in project file All of the material culture collected during the Stage 3 assessments of M1 (AdHg-5), M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) is contained in one box and will be temporarily housed in a Detritus office until formal arrangements can be made for its transfer to Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Ontario or another suitable public institution owners. Asummary of the cultural material recovered at each of the five sites currently under review is provided below in Sections 3.2 to 3.6. More detailed descriptions of the artifact types are provided in the Appendices at the end of the report. A sample of the recovered artifacts is depicted in Section 9.2. Four of the five sites produced lithic artifacts in the form of chipping detritus manufactured from Onondaga, Haldimand, and Bayport chert. Chert type identifications were accomplished visually using reference materials located online and in personal collections. Onondaga formation chert derives from the Middle Devonian age, with outcrops occurring along the north shore of Lake Erie between Long Point and the Niagara River. It is a high-quality raw material frequently utilized by pre-contact Aboriginal people and often found at archaeological sites in southern Ontario. Onondaga chert occurs in nodules or irregular thin beds. It is a dense non-porous rock that may be light to dark grey, bluish grey, brown or black and can be mottled with a dull to vitreous or waxy lustre (Eley and von Bitter 1989). Haldimand chert, also known as Bois Blanc chert, is a medium quality raw material that outcrops along the Bois Blanc formation between Kohler and Hagersville, as well as in Cayuga, Ontario. Dating to the Early Silurian, it derives from chalk-bearing limestones which give the material its characteristically white to light grey or buff colour and relatively low lustre (Eley and von Bitter 1989). Bayport chert is a medium to fine grain chert type that varies from light brown to medium gray with white quartz inclusions forming white clouds or bulls eye formations. It derives from Saginaw Bay, near Bayport, in Huron County, Michigan. Bayport chert typically occurs as nodules and blocks along river banks throughout the northeastern region if southern Michigan. Examples of Bayport chert have been documented throughout the lower Michigan peninsula and into central Indiana, northwestern Ohio, and southwestern Ontario (University of West Florida 2008). Additionally, all pieces of chipping detritus were subject to morphological analysis following the classification scheme described by Lennox et al. (1986:79-81) and expanded upon by Fisher (1997: 41-49). Flake types identified during the morphological analysis of the chipping detritus assemblages included cortex removal, primary, secondary, thinning, and broken flakes as well as shatter. Cortex removal, primary, and secondary flakes are produced during the initial reduction phases of raw material and tend to exhibit minimal dorsal flake scarring. Cortex removal and primary flakes are also characterized by the Detritus Consulting Ltd. 22 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement presence of cortex, or original, unflaked material on their dorsal surfaces and proximal ends; secondary flakes contain little to no cortex. Thinning flakes are produced during the latter stages of reduction when raw material in the form of blanks and bifaces are shaped into preforms and formal tools. They are the result of precise flake removal through pressure flaking, where the maker applies direct pressure onto a specific part of the tool in order to facilitate flake removal. Pressure flaking generally produces smaller, thinner flakes than does percussion flaking. Thinning flakes also exhibit more flake scars on their dorsal surface than do primary or secondary flakes. th Finally, all of the sites currently under review yielded 19 century ceramic pieces. As part of their analysis, all ceramic sherds were examined in order to describe the function of the item from which the ceramic sherd originated. For those sherds that were too fragmentary for a functional assignment, an attempt was made to at least provide a formal description, such as to which portion of an item the sherd belonged. For example, what used to be a porcelain teacup but now found in an archaeological context could be classified archaeologically in the artifact catalogue in a descending order of specificity depending on preservation and artifact size: a teacup (function), a cup (function), a hollowware (form), or a rim fragment (form). Hollowwares and flatwares were differentiated based on the presence or absence, respectively, of curvature in the ceramic cross-section of each sherd. The classification system used here is based upon Beaudoin (2013:78-82), but teas were differentiated as teacups and tea saucers as necessary. used. Ultimately, if sherds were small enough that even a general functional or formal ware type could not be determined, and then the sherd was simply classified as a rim fragment, a non-rim fragment, a base fragment, or indeterminate. The Stage 3 assessment of M1 (AdHg-5) produced 16 Euro-Canadian artifacts, including eight cut nails, four ceramic sherds, three pieces of bottle glass, and one animal bone (Table 4). No pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts, subsurface features, or fire cracked rock were observed. Structural850.00% Ceramics425.00% Household425.00% Total16100.00% All of the structural artifacts within the Stage 3 assemblage from M1 (AdHg-5) were nails, and all were machine cut. The absence of earlier hand wrought and later wire drawn varieties is suggestive of a middle th to late 19 century occupation. The four ceramic sherds within the Stage 3 assemblage from M1 (AdHg-5) included two ironstone sherds and two refined white earthenware (RWE) sherds. One of the two RWE sherds featured a flow transfer printed design in blue. The other three sherds were undecorated. Although admittedly a small sample th size, these sherds support a middle to late 19 century occupation. The two ironstone sherds from M1 (AdHg-5) were identified as body sherds from a plate. The two RWE sherds were too fragmentary to determine form or function. Four household items were observed in the Stage 3 assemblage from M1 (AdHg-5), including three bottle glass pieces and one animal bone fragment. Two of the bottle pieces were blue and the other aqua. The animal bone, meanwhile, was too fragmentary to be classified and demonstrated no evidence of Detritus Consulting Ltd. 23 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement butchering or cooking. Whereas the aqua bottle glass fragment suggests a pre-1880 occupation, the sample size is far too small to draw any definitive conclusions. The Stage 2 assessment of M1 (AdHg-5)resulted in the identification of 12 Euro-Canadian artifacts and four pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus from a single test pit. The Stage 3 assessment yielded an additional 16 Euro-Canadian artifacts from a line of three test units, oneof which was positioned on top of the original Stage 2 test pit. All three units featured Layer 1 directly sealing the subsoil. Layer 1 was a medium brown gray sandy silt with a few gravel inclusions. A second layer (Layer 2) was observed in the western half of Test Unit 195E, 500N, just below the sod. Excavation of the test unit revealed Layer 2to be a deep disturbance fill cutting through Layer 1 and into the subsoil below (Photo 30). This fill was a semi-compact clayey silt with no inclusions. Furthermore, all of the artifacts were recovered from Layer 1. Artifact yields among the three units were very low, ranging from three to seven artifacts. No midden area was observed. This evidence, when considered with the Stage 2 results, supports the previous conclusion thth that the Euro-Canadian component of M1 (AdHg-5) was a small area of late 19 to 20 century debris that may have been associated with the occupation of C. Monro. Likewise, no pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts, fire-cracked rock, or cultural features were encountered during the Stage 3 assessment. The Stage 3 assessment of M5 (AdHg-9) produced 188 primarily Euro-Canadian artifacts, including 45 structural artifacts, 33 ceramic sherds, 28 household artifacts, 6 pieces of miscellaneous metal and horse tack, 3 personal items, and 3 pieces of recent material. The remainder of the assemblage comprised 69 pieces of chipping detritus and a single piece of Aboriginal pottery (Table 5).No subsurface features or fire cracked rock were observed. Pre-Contact Aboriginal7037.23 Structural4523.94 Ceramics3317.55 Household2814.89 Miscellaneous Metal and HorseTack63.19 Personal31.60 Recent Material31.60 Total188100.00 A total of 45 structural artifacts were represented in the Stage 3 assemblage from M5 (AdHg-9), most of which were window glass pieces. The remainder of the structural assemblage comprises nails and brick fragments (Table 6). window glass2964.44 brick fragments715.56 wire nails613.33 cutnails36.67 Total45100.00 Detritus Consulting Ltd. 24 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Just over half of the window glass pieces (51.7%; n=15) recovered from M5 (AdHg-9) measured greater than 1.6mm thick, suggestive of a post-1845 occupation. This date is supported by the predominance of th machine cut and wire drawn nails, which extend this period of occupation into the early 20 century. The remainder of the structural assemblage comprises five red and two yellow brick fragments, none of which are temporally diagnostic. A total of 33 Euro-Canadian ceramic sherds were recovered during the Stage 3 assessment of M5 (AdHg- 9).Just over half of these were pieces of ironstone (51.5%; n=17). The remainder of the ceramic assemblage comprised 11 sherds of RWE, 3 of pearlware, and 2 of utilitarian wares. Table 7 provides a summary of the ceramic assemblage by ware type and Table 8, by surface decoration technique ironstone1751.52 RWE1133.33 pearlware39.09 utilitarian26.06 Total33100.00 ironstone1545.45 RWE515.15 RWE, transfer printed412.12 pearlware39.09 ironstone, moulded26.06 stoneware13.03 RWE, painted13.03 RWE, banded13.03 yellow earthenware13.03 Total33100.00 The predominance of undecorated ironstone in the Stage 3 ceramic assemblage suggests a middle to late th 19 century occupation. The presence earlier pieces, including three sherds of pearlware and one of th banded RWE, may extend this occupation back into the earlier 19 century, but it is more likely that they represent heirloom items. In addition to the banded sherd, three additional RWE sherds featured either sprig or floral transfer printed designs in blue; another was hand painted, also featuring a blue design. Given the extensive use of th the colour blue on transfer printed and hand painted wares throughout the 19 century, it is difficult to refine this occupation range further using decorated sherds. In terms of function, most of the ceramic pieces from M5 (AdHg-9) were identified as tableware vessels, including 18 bowls sherds,4 saucer sherds, and 1 plate sherd. The remainder of the ceramic assemblage comprised two basin fragments, to ceramic vessel fragments, and one storage jar fragment; four sherds were too fragmentary to be classified according to form or function. Table 9 provides a summary of the ceramic assemblage by farm and Table 10, by function. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 25 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement ironstone11415 ironstone, moulded22 pearlware33 RWE325 RWE, banded11 RWE, painted11 RWE, transfer printed134 stoneware11 yellow earthenware11 Total524433 ironstone14115 ironstone, moulded22 pearlware33 RWE2125 RWE, banded11 RWE, painted11 RWE, transfer printed1214 stoneware11 yellow earthenware11 Total2182142433 A total of 28 household artifacts were recovered during the Stage 3 assessment of M5 (AdHg-9), most of which were pieces of bottle glass (Table 11). bottle glass1760.71 faunal remains517.86 brass fitting13.57 brass tack13.57 copper spoon13.57 meat hook13.57 scissors13.57 coal13.57 Total28100.00 Over half of the bottle glass pieces in the Stage 3 assemblage were clear (52.9%; n=9), suggestive of a late thth 19 or early 20 century occupation; the two aqua tinged pieces support a pre-1880 date. The remaining Detritus Consulting Ltd. 26 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement pieces include four blue medicine bottle pieces, one green soda bottle piece, and one a possible light purple bottle or tumbler. Among the faunal remains, four were identified as cow rib bones and demonstrated evidence for butchering; the other was a burnt deer long bone. None of the remaining household items are considered th to be diagnostic, although they are typical for 19 century domestic assemblages. Three horseshoe nails, two spikes, and one identified iron item were recovered during the Stage 3 assessment of M5 (AdHg-9). Whereas none of these artifacts are considered to be diagnostic, the presence of horseshoe nails suggests that the residents of M5 (AdHg-9) were wealthy enough to stable a horse. Three personal items were represented in the Stage 3 artifact assemblage including the soundboard from a harmonica, a metal shoe grommet, and a shell casing. None of these items are considered to be diagnostic. Three artifacts were recovered during the Stage 3 assessment of M5 (adHg-9) that can be securely dated th to the 20 century, including a plastic pencil sharpener, a plastic fishing rod tip, and a piece of recent fence wire. Just over one third of the Stage 3 artifact assemblage from M5 (AdHg-9) comprised pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts including 79 pieces of chipping detritus and a single sherd of Aboriginal pottery. According to Ellis and Ferris, pottery is not introduced on sites in Southern Ontario until the Early Woodland Period, and is one of several characteristics associated with a permanent village site (Ellis and Ferris 1990). Others include the presence of subsurface cultural features, and a large concentration of artifacts, including an abundance offormal tools and projectile points. The remainder of the pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from M5 (AdHg-9) comprised 69 pieces of chipping detritus. Due to the size of the assemblage, all pieces of chipping detritus were subject to morphological analysis following the classification scheme described above in Section 3.1 above (Table 12). Onondaga1014.495376.816391.30 Haldimand11.4545.8057.25 Bayport0011.4511.45 Total1115.945884.0669100.00 Most of the flakes represented in the Stage 3 assemblage from M5 (AdHg-9) were thinning flakes. Secondary flakes were also represented, albeit in a much smaller amount. The predominance of thinning flakes suggests that the occupants of M5 (AdHg-9) were actively undertaking late stage lithic reduction, likely for the production and maintenance of projectile points and formal tools. The complete absence of cortex removal and primary flakes, meanwhile, suggests that early stage reduction practices were restricted to an off-site location. The predominant use of Onondaga chert indicates that the people at M5 (adHg-9) were largely relying on a single source of raw material. Outcrops of Onondaga chert are found along the north shore of Lake Erie, located approximately 56km to the east of the Study Area. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 27 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement These conclusions are supported by the results of the Stage 2 assessment, which produced five additional thinning flakes, four of which were manufactured from Onondaga chert; the remaining flake was of an unknown chert type. The Stage 2 assessment of M5(AdHg-9)resulted in the identification of 14Euro-Canadian artifacts and 5 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from five positive test pitscovering an area of approximately 9m by 5m. The Stage 3 assessment yielded an additional 118 Euro-Canadian artifacts and 70 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from seven test pits covering an expended area of approximately 20m north to south and 11m east to west. Euro-Canadian artifact yields ranged from 1 to 33 and increased towards the southwest corner of the site. Likewise, the pre-contact Aboriginal artifact yields ranged from 0 to 31. Most of these artifacts (75.7%; n=53), including the single sherd of Aboriginal pottery, derived from test units 226E, 511N and 225E, 505N in the southwest corner. No fire-cracked rock or cultural features were encountered anywhere on site. th Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment,M5 (AdHg-9) represents the edge of a possible 19 century midden area, superimposed upon an earlier pre-contact Aboriginal activity.This earlier component may date to the Woodland period, given the presence of Aboriginal pottery. However, no other features that are considered typical for Woodland period sites were observed, such as a distinct midden area, cultural features, or a plethora of formal tools. Furthermore, both components of the site appear to extend into neighbouring site P4 (AdHg-8) to the southwest (see Section 3.4.7 below). The Stage 3 assessment of P4 (AdHg-8)produced 308 artifacts from seven test units. Almost two-thirds of these (64.3%; n=198) were Euro-Canadian artifacts including 81 household artifacts, 63 structural artifacts, 31 ceramic pieces, 18 pieces of miscellaneous metal and horse tack, 3 personal items, and 2 recent items. The remainder of the assemblage comprised 110 pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus (Table 13). No subsurface features or fire cracked rock were observed. Pre-Contact Aboriginal11035.71 Household8126.30 Structural6320.45 Ceramics3110.06 Metal Toolsand Horsetack185.84 Personal30.97 Recent Material20.65 Total308100.00 Bottle glass fragments comprised most of the household artifacts recovered during the Stage 3 assessment of P4 (AdHg-8), and over one third of the Euro-Canadian assemblage as a whole (35.4%). The remainder of the assemblage comprised animal bones and coal fragments (Table 14). Detritus Consulting Ltd. 28 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement bottle glass7086.42 faunal remains89.88 coal33.70 Total81100.00 Most of the bottle glass pieces (77.1%; n=54) were dark green, and derived from the same unit (205E, 504N). Four of the fragments featured a seam, which suggests that all 54 pieces belonged to the same thth bottle, likely a 20 century alcohol container. Another 14 pieces were clear, also suggestive of a 20 century occupation; 11 of these were recovered from the same unit (213E, 505N). The remaining two th shards were aqua and dark blue, and are more reminiscent of the late 19 century. The faunal remains, meanwhile, consisted of four cow bones, and four bones that were too fragmentary to be classified. None of the specimens demonstrated evidence of cooking or butchering. The coal pieces were small and not considered to be diagnostic. Structural artifacts were also well represented at P4 (AdHg-8), comprising almost one third (31.8%) of the Euro-Canadian assemblage, and 20.5% of the Stage 3 assemblage as a whole. Over half of the structural assemblage were nails (54.0%); the remainder comprised window glass pieces and brick fragments (Table 15). cut nail2133.33 window glass1930.16 wire nail1320.63 brick fragment1015.87 Total63100.00 thth The predominance of cut and wire nails suggest a middle 19 to early 20 century occupation. This occupation range is supported by the predominance of window glass pieces measuring greater than 1.6mm thick (73.7%). The brick fragments were all red, but too fragmentary to be considered diagnostic. Euro-Canadian ceramic pieces made up only 15.7% of the Euro-Canadian assemblage, and 10.1% of the Stage 3 assemblage as a whole. Most of the ceramic assemblage comprised undecorated ironstone sherds (80.7%; n=25), one of which was moulded.The remainder of the assemblage consisted of two sherds each of pearlware, RWE and red earthenware. Table 16 provides a summary of the ceramic assemblage by ware type and Table 17, by surface decoration technique. ironstone2580.65 pearlware26.45 red earthenware26.45 RWE26.45 Total31100.00 Detritus Consulting Ltd. 29 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement ironstone2477.42 pearlware26.45 red earthenware26.45 ironstone moulded13.23 RWE13.23 RWE, transfer printed13.23 Total31100.00 th The predominance of ironstone is suggestive of a middle to late 19 century occupation. The two pearlware sherds may suggest an earlier occupation range. Considering the Stage 3 assemblage as a whole, however, it seems more likely that these specimens represent heirloom items. Furthermore, only one of the ceramic pieces from P4 (AdHg-8) is decorated. More specifically, one of the two sherds of RWE featured a blue transfer printed design. Given the predominance of the colour blue th among transfer printed wares throughout the 19 century, this specimen could not refine the occupation range further. In terms of function, over half of the sherds (54.8%; n=17) in the Stage 3 assemblage from P4 (AdHg-8) were identified as plates; most of these were ironstone sherds that derived from the same unit (215E, 503N). Three bowl fragments and two storage vessel pieces were also recovered. The remaining ceramic pieces were too fragmentary to determine form of function. Table 18 provides a summary of the ceramic assemblage by form and Table 19, by function. ironstone142824 ironstone, moulded11 pearlware22 red earthenware22 RWE 11 RWE, transfer printed11 Total175931 ironstone214824 ironstone, moulded11 pearlware22 red earthenware22 RWE 11 RWE, transfer printed11 Total3172931 Detritus Consulting Ltd. 30 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Also included within the Stage 3 assemblage were 18 miscellaneous metal items (Table 20).Whereas none of the metal items are considered diagnostic, the presence of one horseshoe, five horseshoe nails, and two haying fork pieces suggest that the residents of P4 (AdHg-8) were wealthy enough to stable a horse. horseshoe nail527.78 spike527.78 haying fork211.11 horseshoe15.56 iron clamp15.56 anchor chain15.56 sheet metal15.56 metal wire15.56 misc. metal15.56 Total18100.00 Three personal items were observed in the Stage 3 assemblage including a shotgun shell, a slate writing tablet fragment, and piece of a shoe sole. None of the three items are diagnostic. th Two artifacts in the Stage 3 assemblage could be dated to the 20 century, including a recent brown beer bottle shard and a piece of safety glass. Approximately one third of the Stage 3 assemblage from P4 (AdHg-8) were pieces of Aboriginal chipping detritus, most of which were manufactured from Onondaga chert. Due to the size of the assemblage, all pieces of chipping detritus were subject to morphological analysis following the classification scheme described above in Section 3.1 (Table 21). Onondaga21.8276.369182.7332.7310393.64 Haldimand00.0000.0054.5500.0054.55 Bayport00.0000.0010.9100.0010.91 Unknown00.0000.0010.9100.0010.91 Total21.8276.369889.0932.73110100.00 By far, most of the specimens were thinning or micro flakes (91.8%; n=101). This evidence suggests that the pre-contact occupants of P4 (AdHg-8) were actively undertaking late stage lithic reduction, likely for the production and maintenance of projectile points and formal tools. The dearth of cortex removal and primary flakes, meanwhile, suggests that early stage reduction practices were restricted to an off-site location. This conclusion is supported by the results of the Stage 2 assessment, which produced an Detritus Consulting Ltd. 31 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement additional 15 chert flakes, 11 of which were thinning flakes;no primary or cortical removal flakes were observed. The predominant use of Onondaga chert, meanwhile, suggests that the people at P4 (AdHg-8) were largely relying on a single source of raw material. Outcrops of Onondaga chert are found along the north shore of Lake Erie, located approximately 56km to the east of the Study Area. The Stage 2 assessment of P4(AdHg-8)resulted in the identification of seven Euro-Canadian artifacts and 15 pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus from eight test pits covering an area of approximately 8m east to west by 6m north to south. The Stage 3 assessment yielded an additional 198 Euro-Canadian artifacts and 110pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from seven test units covering an expended area of approximately 16m east to west and 7m north to south. The site is limited by the limits of the Study Areato the north, a natural gas utility line to the south, a driveway and weeping bed to the west, and site M5 (AdHg-9) to the east. Euro-Canadian artifact yields ranged from 11 to 54 and increased towards the southwest corner of the site. The highest count occurs in Test Unit 205E, 504N, on the edge of the site. All 54 artifacts in this unit, however, were the dark green machine-made bottle pieces discussed above, that likely represent a single bottle. Likewise, the 36 Euro-Canadian artifacts from Test Unit 213E, 505N featured 11 clear bottle glass pieces; and the 41 Euro-Canadian artifacts from Test Unit 215E, 503N, the 12 ironstone plate sherds. Given the relatively low artifact counts, the Euro-Canadian component of P4 (AdHg-8), along with the Euro-Canadian component of M5 (AdHg-9), represent small pockets of artifacts along the edge of a larger midden area that appears to extend to the northwest beyond the limits of the Study Area. A small square post hole was observed in test unit 215E, 503N. Considering both the uniform shape of the thth post and the late 19 to 20 century occupation range represented by the Stage 3 assemblage, this post th was considered to be a 20 century fence post, possibly associated with the recent fence wire documented in neighbouring M5 (AdHg-9). The pre-contact Aboriginal artifact yields ranged from 0 to 42, with the highest count occurring in the centre of the site in Test Unit 213E, 505N. Only five artifacts were produced from the test units on the western edge of the site. All five of the units on the east side of the site produced over 10 lithic artifacts, confirming that P4 (AdHg-8) and M5 (AdHg-9) were a single site. Combined, the five test units from P4 (AdHg-8) and the two test units from M5 (AdHg-9) that produced over 10 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts each form a single Pre-contact Aboriginal activity area spanning both sites measuring approximately 14m east to west by 9m north to south. Given the presence of Aboriginal pottery at M5 (AdHg-9), it is possible that both sites form the edge of a much larger Woodland period site that extends to the northwest beyond the limits of the Study Area. The Stage 3 assessment of H2 (AdHg-6)produced 162 artifacts from four test units. Most of these were Euro-Canadian artifacts, including 70 ceramic pieces, 42 structural artifacts, 23 household items, 17 th miscellaneous metal objects, 8 personal objects, and 1 20 century bottle cap. A single piece of pre- contact Aboriginal chipping detritus was also observed in the Stage 3 assemblage (Table 22). No subsurface features or fire cracked rock were observed. Ceramics7043.21 Structural4225.93 Household2314.20 Miscellaneous Metal1710.49 Detritus Consulting Ltd. 32 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Personal 84.94 Recent Material10.62 Pre-Contact Aboriginal10.62 Total162100.00 Just under half of the Stage 3 assemblage from H2 (AdHg-6) were ceramic pieces (43.2%). Most of these were pieces of RWE or ironstone vessels. Two sherds of stoneware and another of pearlware were also represented. Table 23 provides a summary of ceramic assemblage by ware type and Table 24, by surface decoration technique. RWE4361.43 ironstone2434.29 stoneware22.86 pearlware11.43 Total70100.00 RWE3651.43 ironstone2332.86 RWE, transfer printed34.29 stoneware22.86 RWE, banded22.86 ironstone, moulded11.43 pearlware11.43 RWE, edged11.43 RWE, hand painted11.43 Total70100.00 The predominance of undecorated RWE and ironstone within the ceramic assemblage suggests a middle th to late 19 century occupation. The single piece of pearlware, along with the two pieces of banded RWE, more likely represent heirloom items than they do an earlier period of occupation at H2 (AdHg-6). Seven RWE sherds within the Stage 3 assemblage were decorated, including the two banded pieces mentioned above. Another sherd of featured an edged design with a blue chicken claw pattern. An absence of scallops suggests a post-1840 occupation. Three more sherds were transfer printed,two in blue and one in brown. The final decorated sherd was hand painted with a green design. In terms of function, most of the ceramic pieces were identified as tableware vessels, including 35 plates, 29 bowls, and 1 serving dish. The two stoneware pieces were both identified as storage vessels. The remaining three sherds were too fragmentary to identify form or function. Table 25provides a summary of the ceramic assemblage by form and Table 26, by function. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 33 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement ironstone23 ironstone, moulded1 pearlware1 RWE11241 RWE, banded2 RWE, edged1 RWE, hand painted1 RWE, transfer printed12 stoneware2 Total35323 ironstone23 ironstone, moulded1 pearlware1 RWE24111 RWE, banded2 RWE, edged1 RWE, hand painted1 RWE, transfer printed12 stoneware2 Total2935123 Over half of the structural artifacts in the Stage 3 assemblage are nails (69.0%; n=29). The remainder of the assemblage comprised window glass and brick pieces (Table 27). cut nails2150.00 window glass1126.19 wire nail819.05 brick fragment24.76 Total42100.00 th The exclusive presence of machine cut nails in the Stage 3 assemblage suggests a middle to late 19 century occupation. This date is supported by the window glass pieces, just over half of which (54.6%; n=6) measured greater than 1.6mm. Additionally, one of the two red brick fragments was frogged, indicative of a post 1830 manufacture date. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 34 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement A total of 23 household artifacts were recovered from H2 (AdHg-6). Over half of these (56.5%; n=13) were faunal remains. The remainder of the household assemblage comprises bottle glass fragments and a single piece of coal (Table 28). bottle glass952.17 faunal remains, mammalian839.13 faunal remains, avian54.35 coal14.35 Total23100.00 Over half of the bottle glass pieces (n=5) were blue body shards that derived from a single unit, 193E, 502N. The remaining bottle glass assemblage comprised four body fragments: two green, one blue, and th one clear. The clear shard and one of the green shards revealed evidence of 20 century machine manufacturing in the form of seams. As for the faunal remains, eight were identified as mammal, including five cow bones, one of which showed evidence of burning. The other three were too fragmentary to be classified, although one was burnt. Four of the five avian remains were chicken bones, and the other unclassified. None revealed evidence of cooking or butchering. The piece of coal is not diagnostic, but common in domestic assemblages. Approximately 10% of the Stage 3 artifact assemblage from H2 (AdHg-6) were miscellaneous metal items (Table 29). None of the metal artifacts are considered diagnostic. miscellaneous metal635.29 sheet metal423.53 spike423.53 fencing wire15.88 bolt15.88 metal strapping15.88 Total17100.00 Eight personal items were identified in the Stage 3 assemblage from P2 (AdHg-6), including four slate tablet pieces, three white clay pipe fragments, and a metal belt buckle (Table 30). th Slate writing tablets and white clay pipes were commonly in use throughout the 19 century, with a decline near the turn of the century. Furthermore, none of the clay pipe pieces are stamped, which would allow for more precise dating. The belt buckle was heavily corroded, and equally non-diagnostic. slatetablet4 Detritus Consulting Ltd. 35 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement white clay pipe bowl2 white clay pipe stem1 metal belt buckle1 Total8 A single bottle cap was recovered during the Stage 3. Bottle caps were used on glass bottles with crown th finishes, which were common in the 20 century (Lindsey 2019). One piece of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus was represented in the Stage 3 assemblage. Morphological analysis revealed the specimen to be a thinning flake manufactured from Onondaga chert. This one flake represents less than 1% of the Stage 3 artifact assemblage, and is thought to be residual. The Stage 2 assessment of H2 (AdHg-6) resulted in the identification of 45 Euro-Canadian artifacts from two test pits, 6m apart. An additional 162 primarily Euro-Canadian artifacts were recovered from four test units excavated during the Stage 3 assessment. A single topsoil layer (Layer 1) was observed in all four test units, directly sealing the subsoil below. Layer 1 was a fairly compact, medium grey brown sandy silt with frequent gravel inclusions. Layer 1 was the only soil layer observed within the test units excavated along the 500N grid line, to the south of the two positive Stage 2 test pits. This layer ranged in thickness from 44 to 53cm between the three test units, and was covered with grass and gravel.A service pipe was observed in the floor of test unit 200E, 500N at a depth of 53 cm, suggesting that the unit was disturbed. In Test Unit 193E, 502N, located on one of the two positive Stage 2 test pits to the north of this line of units, two disturbance layers were observed truncating Layer 1. Directly below the grass surface within this test unit was Layer 3, a band of dark silty sand that was similar to Layer 1, but contained little gravel and was sterile of artifacts. Separating Layer 3 from Layer 1 below was a thin band of fine, light brown measuring5cm to 11cm in thickness.Both Layers 2 and 3 were determined represent more recent disturbance. Most of the artifacts within the Stage 3 assemblage derived from Layer 1 (80.9%; n=131); only four artifacts were recovered from Test Unit 200E, 500N at the east end of the site, supporting the conclusion that this unit was disturbed during the installation of the observed service pipe. The remaining 31 artifacts originated in Layer 1 below. The main disturbance layer, Layer 3, was sterile. Although disturbed, Test Unit 193E, 502N produced by far the highest number artifacts (71.6%; n=116) on the site, and most of these from Layer 1 (n=85), the surviving portion of the undisturbed topsoil layer. Given that the next highest yielding unit produced only 32 artifacts, it is proposed here that H2 (AdHg-6) represents the edge of a larger midden area that extends into the disturbed area to the north. The Stage 3 assessment of H3 (AdHg-8)produced 294 primarily Euro-Canadian artifacts from five Stage 3 test units; ten pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus was also represented in the assemblage (Table 31). Detritus Consulting Ltd. 36 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Structural14047.62 Ceramics8127.55 Household4013.61 Personal134.42 Miscellaneous Metal and Horse Tack103.40 Pre-Contact Aboriginal103.40 Total294100.00 Almost half of the artifacts in the Stage 3 assemblage from H3 (AdHg-7) were structural, including 84 nails, 48 window glass pieces, 5 red brick fragments, 1 piece of concrete, 1 metal hinge, and 1 piece of mortar (Table 32). cut nails8057.14 window glass4834.29 brick fragment53.57 wire nail42.86 concrete10.71 metal hinge10.71 mortar10.71 Total140100.00 th The predominance of cut nails and thick window glass pieces (n=35) suggests a middle to late 19 century occupation. The presence of wire drawn nails and concrete extends the period of occupation into the early th 20 century, as does the metal hinge, which looks to have been machine made. The brick and mortar pieces were very fragmentary and are not considered to be diagnostic. Just over one quarter of the Stage 3 assemblage from H3 (AdHg-7) were ceramic pieces (27.6%; n=81); over two thirds of these were identified as RWE. Ironstone, utilitarian wares, pearlware and yellowware were also represented, albeit in lesser amounts. Table 33 provides a summary of the ceramic assemblage by ware type and Table 34, by surface decoration technique. RWE5567.90 ironstone1214.81 utilitarian89.88 pearlware33.70 yellowware33.70 Total81100.00 Detritus Consulting Ltd. 37 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement RWE3441.98 RWE, transfer printed1417.28 ironstone911.11 RWE, hand painted78.64 red earthenware44.94 stoneware44.94 ironstone, moulded33.70 pearlware33.70 yellowware33.70 Total81100.00 The predominance of undecorated RWE sherds in the assemblage makes dating the occupation of the site difficult. The seven hand painted RWE sherds featured a variety of colours, including blue green and red th in polychromatic designs, suggestive of a late 19 century occupation. This range is supported by the nine ironstone sherds also observed in the assemblage. Another 14 sherds of RWE were transfer printed. Half of these featured blue designs that were common th throughout the 19 century. Another four featured brown designs, more common for a long period spanning the middle of the century. The two mulberry pieces may date a bit earlier, as may the three yellowware pieces. These slightly earlier fragments, however, as well as the pearlware fragments, more likely represent heirloom items. The utilitarian wares were not diagnostic, but are typical in a domestic assemblage. Most of the ceramic pieces in the assemblage were tableware vessels including 26 plates, 21 bowls, 5 cups and 1 tea cup. Another four sherds, including three of the four red earthenware pieces, were identified as storage vessels. The other red earthenware sherd was identified as an ink well. The remaining 23 sherds were too fragmentary to determine form or function. Table 35 provides a summary of the ceramic assemblage by form and Table 36, by function. ironstone531 ironstone, moulded3 pearlware3 red earthenware4 RWE131110 RWE, hand painted52 RWE, transfer printed428 stoneware22 yellowware12 Total263223 ironstone351 ironstone, moulded3 Detritus Consulting Ltd. 38 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement pearlware3 red earthenware13 RWE1011310 RWE, hand painted412 RWE, transfer printed248 stoneware112 yellowware21 Total2151264123 Forty household artifacts were identified in the Stage assemblage from H3 (AdHg-7). Over half of these were faunal remains. The remainder of the household assemblage consisted of pieces of window glass and coal (Table 37). faunal remains2357.50 bottle glass1332.50 coal410.00 Total40100.00 Almost half of the bottle glass pieces were purple, and are not considered to be diagnostic. Of the remaining pieces, four were clear, suggestive of a post 1870 0ccupation. Another three were aqua tinged, more suggestive of a pre-1880 occupation. Among the faunal remains, most (n=15) were too fragmentary to be classified. The remaining pieces included three cow ribs pieces and a cow tooth, as well as two chicken cranium fragments and one chicken rib fragment. None of the faunal remains demonstrated evidence of butchering or cooking. The four coal fragments were not considered to be diagnostic, but are common in domestic assemblages. Thirteen personal items were represented in the Stage 3 artifact assemblage. Over half of these were clay pipe fragments. The remainder of the assemblage comprised three coins two slate writing tablet fragments, and a button (Table 38). coin3 white clay pipe bowl3 white clay pipe stem3 slate2 brown clay pipe stem1 button1 Total13 manufactured in Glasgow between 1830 and 1861 (Adams 1994). One of the bowls (Cat#103) featured a Detritus Consulting Ltd. 39 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement th bird of paradise design, but was not considered to be diagnostic. This 19 century occupation range is supported also by the presence of a prosser-style button, typical of a post 1840 occupation. The three coins dated significantly later, and included a 1903 American Indian Head penny (Cat#100) and two American quarters dating to 1964 and 1966 respectively (Cat# 5). None of the remaining personal items are considered to be diagnostic. Ten miscellaneous metal items were included in the Stage 3 assemblage from H3 (AdHg-7), including six horseshoe nails. The remaining pieces included two metal can pieces, an iron bracket, and a possible gun part. Whereas none of these items are considered to be diagnostic, the presence of horseshoe nails suggests that the occupants of H3 (AdHg-7) could afford to stable a horse. Included in the Stage 3 assemblage from H3 (AdHg-7) are ten pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping Detritus manufactured from Onondaga chert. Due to the size of the assemblage, all pieces of chipping detritus were subject to morphological analysis following the classification scheme described above in Section 3.1 above. Eight of the ten specimens were identified as thinning flakes. The remaining flakes consisted of a single cortex removal flake and a single secondary flake. The predominance of thinning flakes suggests that the pre-European occupants of the site were actively undertaking late stage lithic reduction, possibly for the production and maintenance of projectile points and formal tools. The predominant use of Onondaga chert, meanwhile, indicates that the occupants of H3 (adHg-7) were largely relying on a single source of raw material. Outcrops of Onondaga chert are found along the north shore of Lake Erie, located approximately 56km to the east of the Study Area. The lithic artifacts comprised less than 5% of the Stage 3 assemblage, however, and none whatsoever were encountered during the Stage 2. Given the small sample size, no conclusions may be drawn regarding pre-contact site function. The Stage 2 assessment of H3 (AdHg-7) resulted in the documentation of 72 Euro-Canadian artifacts from 19 test pits covering an area of 21m northwest to southeast by 7m northeast to southwest. The Stage 3 assessment of the resulted in the recovery of an additional 284 Euro-Canadian artifacts and ten pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus from five Stage 3 test units. Three of these units were positioned along the edge of the Study Area for the length of the Stage 2 site limits, and produced 30, 100 and 5 Euro-Canadian artifacts respectively. Two additional units positioned to the northeast and northwest of the highest yielding grid unit produced an additional 69 and 80 Euro-Canadian artifacts. The limits of the site were bound by the edge of the Study Area to the north, low artifact yields to the east, and areas of disturbance on all other sides. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, the site has been interpreted as a large Euro-Canadian midden that extends primarily to the north of the Study Area. The southern edge appears to be truncated by the disturbance. The ten pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts within the Stage 3 assemblage were recovered from two of the five units. Two of the flakes were recovered from the highest yielding test unit at 205E, 505N. The other eight derived from the unit to the southeast. Given an absence of cultural features, formal tools, or diagnostic material, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of the site has been interpreted as a small activity area within the limits of the larger Euro-Canadian midden area. Given the areas of disturbance that limit the site, it is unknown if this pre-contact Aboriginal activity area extends beyond the limits of the site to the south. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 40 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus was retained by the Proponent to conduct Stage 3 Site Specific Assessments for five archaeological sites located in the Town of Port Bruce in advance of a in advance of a proposed bridge replacement on Imperial Road. The Stage 3 assessment of M1 (AdHg-5) yielded 16 Euro-Canadian artifacts from a line of three test units spanning the original positive Stage 2 test pit. Artifact yields among the three units were very low, ranging from three to seven artifacts, and documented a period of occupation generally spanning the middle to th late 19 century. No midden area was observed. Additionally, the westernmost unit, 195E, 500N, revealed evidence of deep disturbance that truncated the site on that side. This evidence, when considered with the Stage 2 results, suggests that the Euro-Canadian component of thth M1 (AdHg-5) was a small area of late 19 to 20 century debris that may have been associated with the occupation of C. Monro. Likewise, no pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts, fire-cracked rock, or cultural features were encountered during the Stage 3 assessment. Given the complete absence of pre-contact Aboriginal material encountered during the Stage 3 assessment, it is impossible to build upon the Stage 2 conclusions, which identified the pre-contact Aboriginal component of the site as a small activity area occupied seasonally by pre-contact Aboriginal, and possibly characterized primarily by all stages of lithic reduction with a propensity for formal tool preparation, and tool maintenance. This conclusion, however, is based on only four pieces of chipping detritus documented during the previous assessment. The test unit excavations at M5 (AdHg-9) and P4 (AdHg-8) determined that the two sites were nodes of a larger parent site, identified as M5/P4 (AdHg-9) for the remainder of this report. The Stage 3 assessment of the combined M5/P4 (AdHg-9) produced 316 Euro-Canadian artifacts and 180 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts from 14 test units covering an area of 32m east to west by 12m north to south, not counting the test unit excavated at 235E, 525N to test the northern periphery of the site. All other sides of the site were limited by areas of disturbance and the boundaries of the Study Area. The distribution of Euro-Canadian artifacts at the site was more reminiscent of smaller isolated deposits than a larger midden area. Household (n=109) and structural artifacts (n=108) were represented most often within the combined Euro-Canadian assemblage M5/P4 (AdHg-9). The household assemblage was dominated by bottle glass pieces (n=87) and faunal remains (n=15). The structural artifacts comprised entirely window glass pieces (n=48), nails (n=43) and red brick fragments (n-=17). The predominance of thick window glass pieces, machine cut and ware drawn nails, and machine manufactured bottle glass is suggestive of a middle of the thth 19 to early 20 century occupation. This occupation range is supported by the Stage 3 ceramic assemblage, which featured primarily undecorated ironstone sherds (65.6%; n=42). Only five sherds of RWE featured surface decoration, th including a possible early 19 century banded example. This specimen, in addition to the five earlier pearlware pieces, more likely represent heirloom items. The presence of horse tack, meanwhile, suggests that the occupants of the site were wealthy enough to stable a horse. Finally, A small modern fence post observed in Test Unit 215E, 503N and the modern fence wire recovered from 230E, 510N suggests that a th 20 century fence may have spanned the southern edge of the site. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, the Euro-Canadian component of M5/P4 (AdHg-9) has thth been interpreted as small pockets of late 19 to early 20 artifacts along the edge of a larger midden area that may extend to the northwest beyond the limits of the Study Area. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 41 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement The pre-contact Aboriginal component of the site comprised 180 primary lithic artifacts, including a single piece of Aboriginal pottery. The remainder of the pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts consisted of pieces of chipping detritus (99.4%; n=179). As was noted above, the five test units from P4 (AdHg-8) and the two test units from M5 (AdHg-9) that produced over ten pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts each formed a single activity area measuring approximately 14m east to west by 9m north to south. Morphological analysis of the flake assemblage suggested that late stage lithic reduction was undertaken most actively at M5/P4 (AdHg-9) prior to European settlement. The presence of Aboriginal pottery suggests that this earlier occupation belongs to the Woodland period. Whereas no other features thatare considered typical for Woodland period sites were observed, it is possible that both sites form the edge of a much larger Woodland period site that extends to the northwest beyond the limits of the Study Area. The Stage 3 assessment of H2 (AdHg-6) resulted in the documentation of 162 primarily Euro-Canadian artifacts from four test units. Three of these units formed a straight line between the edge of the Study Area to the south, and the two positive Stage 2 test pits to the north. A service pipe observed in the floor of test unit 200E, 500N at a depth of 53 cm suggested that the east side of the site was disturbed. Likewise, Test Unit 193E, 502N, excavated directly on one of the Stage 2 test pits, revealed disturbance layers. Although disturbed, Test Unit 193E, 502N produced by far the highest number artifacts on the site, and most of these from the surviving portion of the undisturbed topsoil layer. Given that the next highest yielding unit produced only 32 artifacts, it is proposed here that H2 (AdHg-6) represents the edge of a larger site that extends north into the disturbed area to the north. th The ceramic assemblage was dominated by RWE and ironstone, suggestive of a middle to late 19 century occupation. This occupation range is supported by the predominance of machine cut nails, and thick window glass. The presence of wire drawn nails and machine manufactured bottle glass may extend this th period of occupation into the 20 century. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, the Euro- th Canadian component of H2 (AdHg-6) has been interpreted as the southern edge of a larger middle 19 to th early 20 century midden area. One piece of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus was represented in the Stage 3 assemblage. Morphological analysis revealed the specimen to be a thinning flake manufactured from Onondaga chert. This one flake represents less than 1% of the Stage 3 artifact assemblage, and is thought to be residual. This conclusion is supported by the absence of pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts in the Stage 2 assemblage. The Stage 3 assessment of H3 (AdHg-7) the resulted in the documentation of 284 Euro-Canadian artifacts and ten pieces of pre-contact Aboriginal chipping detritus from five Stage 3 test units. Three of these units were positioned along the edge of the Study Area for the length of the Stage 2 site limits, and produced 30, 100 and 5 Euro-Canadian artifacts respectively. Two additional units positioned to the northeast and northwest of the highest yielding grid unit produced an additional 69 and 80 Euro-Canadian artifacts. The limits of the site were bound by the edge of the Study Area to the north, low artifact yields to the east, and areas of disturbance on all other sides. The predominance of undecorated RWE sherds in the Euro-Canadian assemblage makes dating the th assemblage difficult. Seven hand painted RWE sherds were suggestive of a late 19 century occupation. This range is supported also by the presence of ironstone, clear and aqua bottle glass pieces, cut nails, clay pipe fragments, and thick window glass pieces. Three coins recovered from the site dated significantly later, and included a 1903 American Indian Head penny and two American quarters dating to 1964 and 1966 respectively. The presence of wire drawn nails th may also extend theperiod of occupation at H3 (AdHg-7) into the 20century. Whereasa few earlier pieces, including three pieces of pearlware, appear to document an earlier occupation range, it is more likely that these artifacts represent heirloom items. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 42 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, the Euro-Canadian component of H3 (AdHg-7) has been thth interpreted as middle of the 19 to early 20 century midden area that extends primarily to the north of the Study Area. The southern edge of the site appears to be truncated by disturbance. The ten pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts within the Stage 3 assemblage were recovered from two of the five units. Two of the flakes were recovered from the highest yielding test unit at 205E, 505N. The other eight derived from the unit to the southeast. Given an absence of cultural features, formal tools, or diagnostic material, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of the site has been interpreted as a small activity area within the limits of the larger Euro-Canadian midden area. Given the areas of disturbance that limit the site, it is unknown if this pre-contact Aboriginal activity area extends beyond the limits of the site to the south. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 43 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, and the period of occupation represented within the artifact assemblage, M1 (AdHg-5) does not fulfill any of the criteria for further archaeological investigation as per Section 3.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains no further CHVI.A Stage 4 archaeological mitigation of impacts for the site is not recommended. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, and the occupation range represented in the artifact assemblage, the Euro-Canadian component of M5/P4 (AdHg-9) does not fulfill any of the criteria for further archaeological investigation as per Section 3.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains no further CHVI.A Stage 4 archaeological mitigation of impacts for the Euro-Canadian component of the site is not recommended. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, wherein seven test units yielded 10 or more pre-contact artifacts, including a single piece of Aboriginal pottery, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of M5/P4 (AdHg-9) fulfills the criteria for a Stage 4 mitigation of impacts as per Section 3.4.1, Standards 1a and 1c of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains further CHVI. th Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, and the absence of any definitive 20 century material culture in the Stage 3 assemblage, H2 (AdHg-6) fulfills the criterion for a Stage 4 mitigation of impacts, as outlined in Section 3.4.2, Standard 1a of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains further CHVI. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, and the period of occupation represented within the artifact assemblage, the Euro-Canadian component of H3 (AdHg-7) does not fulfill any of the criteria for further archaeological investigation as per Section 3.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains no further CHVI.A Stage 4 archaeological mitigation of impacts for the Euro-Canadian component of H3 (AdHg-7) is not recommended. Based on the results of the Stage 3 assessment, wherein no test units yielded 10 or more pre-contact artifacts, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of H3 (AdHg-7) does not fulfillany of the criteria for further archaeological investigation as per Section 3.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). One of the Stage 3 test units at the site, however, produced eight pieces of chipping detritus. Given a dearth of registered archaeological sites within the AdHg Borden Block as a whole, the presence of eight pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts within a single unit was considered a rare occurrence. As a result, the pre-contact Aboriginal component of H3 (AdHg-7) fulfills the criterion for a Stage 4 mitigation of impacts, as outlined in Section 3.4.1, Guideline 1a of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) and retains further CHVI. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 44 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement As was noted above, four of the five sites subject to Stage 3 assessment have been recommended for Stage 4 mitigation of impacts, including M5 (AdHg-9), P4 (AdHg-8), H2 (AdHg-6) and H3 (AdHg-7). Furthermore, M5 (AdHg-9) and P4 (AdHg-8) have been merged into a single site, registered with the MTCS as M5/P4 (AdHg-9). The MTCS prefers that sites recommended for Stage 4 mitigation be avoided and protected rather than excavated, as per Section 7.9.4, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Options to reduce or eliminate impacts to archaeological sites include redesigning the Study Area, excluding the archaeological site area from the Study Area, or incorporating the area of the archaeological site into the Study Area but without alteration, as outlined in Section 3.5 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011a). If these options are not feasible, Stage 4 archaeological mitigation by hand excavation is an alternative. In consultation with the Proponent, the Stage 4 mitigation of M5/P4 (AdHg-9), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) by avoidance and protection was a viable option. In order to meet the standards for avoidance, as outlined in Section 4.1.1 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011), it is recommended that a temporary fence be installed around M5/P4 (AdHg-9), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7)and their protective buffers during construction, and that any ground disturbance activities in this vicinity be monitored by a licensed archaeological consultant in order to prevent any impacts to the sites. If any of M5/P4 (AdHg-9), H2 (AdHg-6), or H3 (AdHg-7) will be impacted by development, the archaeological sites and their protective buffers will be protected and no construction impacts will be allowed. The protective buffers will extend 10m past the limits of each site wherever possible as per Section 4.1, Standards 2b and 2c of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011; Tiles 4 and 5 of the Supplementary Documentation). No--site construction crews, engineers, architects and any others involved in day-to-day decisions during construction. The locations of the areas to be avoided will marked be on all contract drawings, when applicable, and will include explicit instructions to avoid them. In order to meet the requirements for long term protection, as outlined in 4.1.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011), the Proponent has agreed to have a covenant registered on title for M5/P4 (AdHg-9), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) and their 10m protective buffersthat will prohibit any activities that might alter these archaeological sites in any way, either temporarily or permanently. As per Section 4.1.4, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011), such activities include, but are not limited to, demolition, tree removal, minor landscaping, or utilities installation. As per Section 7.8.5, Standard e of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011), a development map outlining the extents of M5/P4 (AdHg-9), H2 (AdHg-6), and H3 (AdHg-7) and their protective buffers will be provided as part of this report package, in addition to written confirmation of a construction monitoring schedule for all ground disturbance activity in the vicinity of the sites and their protective buffers, as well as a timeline for completing the remaining archaeological fieldwork. If in the future, it is decided to conduct a Stage 4 mitigation by hand excavationat M5/P4 (AdHg-9), H2 (AdHg-6), or H3 (AdHg-7), this investigation will be conducted according to the procedures outlined in Section 4.2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). At M5/P4 (AdHg-9) and H3 (AdHg-7), the Stage 4 excavation will consist of hand excavated blocks of 1m units surrounding the Stage 3 units that produced the most pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts. At M5/P4 (AdHg-9), this block will include the seven test units that produced at least ten pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts. At H3 (AdHg-7), the Stage 4 block will surround the highest yielding Stage 3 unit at 210E, 500N. AtH2 (AdHg-6),1m units will be excavated around the two highest yielding Stage 3 test units at 191E, 500N and 193E, 502N. The extent of each block excavation will be determined in accordance with Table 4.1 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011b). Soil from all units will be screened through 6mm hardware cloth to facilitate the recovery of any artifacts that may be present. All artifacts will be bagged and tagged by provenience. The exposed subsoil surface will be cleaned by shovel or trowel and will be examined for cultural features. If any subsurface cultural Detritus Consulting Ltd. 45 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement features are encountered, they will be recorded and excavated by hand in accordance with Section 4.2.2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011b). Block excavation will continue to 2m beyond any cultural feature identified in accordance with Section 4.2.2, Standard 7c of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011b). Finally, according to Section 4.2.7, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011), the Stage 4 mitigation of archaeological sites that mostly date after 1830 must include mechanical following the hand excavation of all midden areas. As a result, the hand excavation at H2 (AdHg-6) will be followed by MTR to identify any potential cultural features or evidence of original architecture relating to the earliest occupation of the property. The Stage 4 MTR must be completed in accordance with Section 4.2.3 and Table 4.1 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). The entire limits of the site, as determined by the previous Stage 2 and Stage 3 assessments, must be subject to MTR employing a straight-edged ditching bucket that pulls the soil away from the exposed surface. The subsoil surface will then be immediately shovel shined and examined for any evidence of subsurface cultural features. If any subsurface cultural features are encountered, they will be recorded and excavated by hand in accordance with Section 4.2.2, Standard 7 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). The recommendations above apply to the portions of M1 (AdHg-5), M5/P4 (AdHg-9) and H3 (AdHg-7) that occur within the current Study Area, and which were subject to both Stage 2 and Stage 3 archaeological assessment. Given the narrow constraints of the Study Area, it is possible that any of the five sites could extend beyond the limits of the Study Area. If in the future, the properties adjacent to the five sites documented in this report will be impacted by development, then a Stage 1 archaeological assessment is required, conducted according to Section 1.1 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011) for the recovery of archaeological resources and will provide specific direction for the protection, management and/or recovery of these resources, as per Sections 1.3 and 1.4 of the Standards and Guidelines (Government of Ontario 2011). Detritus Consulting Ltd. 46 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism and Culture as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario HeritageAct, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18. The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development. Archaeological sites recommended for further archaeological fieldwork or protection remain subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act and may not be altered, or have artifacts removed from them, except by a person holding an archaeological license. It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest , and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeology Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry ofConsumer Services. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 47 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Adams, Nick. 1994.Field Manual for Avocational Archaeologists in Ontario. Ontario Archaeological Society Inc., Archaeological Stewardship Project. Archives of Ontario. 2009. The Evolution of the District and County System, 1788-1899. Electronic document: http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/maps/ontario-district- maps.aspx. Last accessed, November 30, 2018. Beaudoin, Matthew A. 2013. De-essentializing the Past: Deconstructing Colonial Categories in 19th- Century Ontario. University of Western Ontario: Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Caston, Wayne A. 1997. Evolution in the Mapping of Southern Ontario and Wellington County. Wellington County History 10:91-106. Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Third Edition. Ontario Geological Survey. Special Volume 2. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Coyne, J. H. 1895. The Country of the Neutrals (As Far as Comprised in the County of Elgin): From Champlain to Talbot. St. Thomas: Times Print. Davidson, R.J. 1989. Foundations of the Land Bedrock Geology. In J.B. Theberge (editor), The Natural History of Ontario, pp. 36-47. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Inc. Davies, Peter. 2005. Writing Slates and Schooling.Australian Historical Archaeology Vol. 23: 63-69. Detritus. 2019. Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement. Lots 4 and 5, Geographical Township of Malahide, County of Elgin,Port Bruce, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto. Eley, Betty, and Peter H. von Bitter, 1989. Cherts of Southern Ontario. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum. Ellis, Chris J. and Neal Ferris (editors). 1990. The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, Number 5. Evening Standard vol. 41, Issue 70. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP18910228.2.61. Last accessed December 7, 2017. In B.G. Trigger (editor), Handbook of North American Indians. Vol.15 Northeast, edited by, 772-786. Washington: Smithsonian Institute. Ferris, Neal. 2009. The Archaeology of Native-Lived Colonialism: Challenging History in the Great Lakes. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Fisher, Jacqueline A. 1997. The Adder Orchard Site: Lithic Technology and Spatial Organization. In The Broadpoint Late Archaic. Occasional Publications of the London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, Number 3. Gentilcore, R. Louis and C. Grant Head. 1984. . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Government of Ontario. 1990a. Ontario Planning Act, R.S.O. 1990, CHAPTER P.13. Last amendment: 2016, c. 25, Sched. 4. Electronic documents https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90p13. Last accessed December 17, 2018. Government of Ontario. 1990b. Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, CHAPTER O.18. Last amendment: 2009, c. 33, Sched. 11, s. 6. Electronic document: https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o18. Last accessed December 17, 2018. Government of Ontario. 1990c. Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, R.S.O. 1990, CHAPTER F.31. Last amendment: 2017, c. 2, Sched. 12, s. 4. Electronic document: https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90f31. Last accessed December 17, 2018. Government of Ontario. 2011. Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Toronto: Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 48 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Government of Ontario. 2018. Ontario Land Registry Access. Electronic Source: https://www.onland.ca/ui/. Last accessed July 31, 2019. Government of Ontario. n.d. Archaeological Sites Database Files. Toronto: Culture Services Unit, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Hamil, Fred Coyne. 1951. The Valley of the Lower Thames, 1640 to 1850. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Harper, Russell. 1950. The Early History of Haldimand County. Caledonia: Grand River Sachem. Hunter, Robert and George L. Miller. 2009.Suitable for Framing: Decorated Shell-Edged Earthenware. Early American Life August: 8-19. Jamieson, S. M. 1992 Regional Interaction and Ontario Iroquois Evolution. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 16:70-88. Jervis, William Percival. 1911.A Pottery Primer Kenyon, Ian. 1980. 19th Century Notes. KEWA (80-2). Konrad, Victor. 1981. An Iroquois Frontier: The North Shore of Lake Ontario during the Late Seventeenth Century. Journal of Historical Geography 7(2): 129-144. Lamb, Lisa Nicole. 2003. Historical Archaeology of the Indian Key (8M015) warehouse: An analysis of nineteenth -Century ceramics. University of South Florida. Lennox, P., C. Dodd and C. Murphy. 1986. The Wiacek Site: A Late Middleport Component, Simcoe County. London: Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Lindsey, Bill. 2014. Historic Glass Bottle Identification and Information Website. Electronic document: http://www.sha.org/bottle/index.htm. Last accessed on December 17, 2018. The Use and Misuse of Nineteenth-Century English and American Ceramics in Archaeological Analysis. In Michael Schiffer (editor), Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Volume 11, 98-209. New York: Academic Press. 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Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Elgin, Ontario. Toronto: H.R. Page & Co. Pendergast, James. 1995. The Identity of Jacq- Iroquois Option. In André Bekerman and Gary Warrick (editors), Origins of the People of the Longhouse: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Symposium of the Ontario Archaeological Society, pp. 106-118. North York: Ontario Archaeological Society. Praxis Research Associates. n.d. The History of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation. Hagersville: Lands, Research and Membership, Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 49 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Schmalz, Peter S. 1991. The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Shaw, Simeon. 1829 (1968 reprint).History of the Staffordshire Potteries and the Rise and Progress of the Manufacture of Pottery and Porcelain; with Reference to Genuine Specimens and Notices of Eminent Potters. New York:Great Neck. 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Paper presented at Forward into the Past conference, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, 6 April 2013. Electronic Document: http://www.fitp.ca/articles/FITPXXIII/Dress_for_Life_and_Death_Paper.pdf. Last accessed September 13, 2019. Voss, Barbara L. 2008. The Archaeology of Ethnogenesis: Race and Sexuality in Colonial San Francisco. Berkeley: University of California Press. Bruce G. Trigger (editor) Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 15: Northeast, edited by, 525-536. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. White, Marian. 1978. Neutral and Wenro. In Bruce G. Trigger (editor), Handbook of North American Indians Volume 15: Northeast, pp. 407-411. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Wilson, J.A. and M. Horne 1995. City of London Archaeological Master Plan. London: City of London, Department of Planning and Development. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 50 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 51 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 52 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 53 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 54 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 55 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 56 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 57 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 58 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 59 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 60 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 61 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 62 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 63 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 64 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 65 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Detritus Consulting Ltd. 66 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 12005000.601glass bottle1bluemelted 22005000.601ironstone2flatplatewhitebody sherds 1 31955000.53glass bottle1bluebody shard, medicine bottle, "CO" lettering embossed 1 41955000.53cut nails4framing nails 51985000.211cut nails3framing nails 61985000.211glass bottle1aquabody shard 71985000.211faunal remains -mammalian1unknown fragment 81985000.211RWE flow transfer printed1unknownunknownbluesmall fragment 1 91955000.53RWE 1unknownunknownsmall fragment 1 101955000.53cut nail1framing nail 12255050.34wire nail1framing nail 22255050.34brick fragment1red 32255050.34brick fragment1yellow 42255050.34recent material1possible plastic fishing rod tip 52255050.34coal1 metal shoe 62255050.34grommet1single hole 72255050.34Aboriginal pottery1small body sherd 82255050.34chipping detritus1thinningHaldimand 92255050.34chipping detritus24thinningOnondaga 102255050.34chipping detritus5secondaryOnondaga Detritus Consulting Ltd. 67 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement ironstone, 112255050.34moulded1hollowbasinrim sherd ironstone, 122255050.34moulded1hollowbasinbody sherd 132255050.34ironstone1hollowbowlrim sherd 142255050.34ironstone6hollowbowlbody sherds 152255050.34RWE, painted1unknownunknownbluebody sherd 162255050.34stoneware1hollowstoragedark brownbody sherd 172255050.34window glass1<1.6 mm 182255050.34window glass3<1.6 mm 192255050.34window glass2>1.6 mm 202255050.34bottle glass3clearwine glass 212255050.34bottle glass1greensoda bottle 222255050.34bottle glass1light bluesquare sided, medicine bottle, "NTE" 232255050.34bottle glass3light bluerounded, medicine bottle 242255050.34bottle glass1aquaglass fragment 252255050.34bottle glass1clearglass fragment 262265150.28recent material1plastic pencil sharpener 272265150.28copper spoon1large spoon, "HOH" stamped on back of handle 282265150.28chipping detritus1thinningOnondaga 292265150.28ironstone1flatplatebody sherd yellow 302355250.3earthenware1hollowbowldark brownbody sherd 312295050.42spike1hand made 322295050.42cut nail1finishing nail 332295050.42meat hook1hand forged, single eye miscellaneous 342295050.42metal1iron, indeterminate use 352295050.42chipping detritus7thinningOnondaga 362295050.42brick fragment1red 372295050.42brick fragment1yellow Detritus Consulting Ltd. 68 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 382295050.42bottle glass1clearsoda bottle 392295050.42bottle glass1aquawine glass 402295050.42window glass4<1.6 mm 412295050.42window glass1<1.6 mm 422295050.42window glass1>1.6 mm 432295050.42window glass3>1.6 mm RWE, transfer 442295050.42printed1flatsaucerblueSprig pattern with clouds. Shoulder sherd 452295050.42ironstone2hollowbowlrim sherds 462295050.42ironstone5hollowbowlbody sherds 472295050.42pearlware1flatsaucerbody sherd 482295050.42pearlware1flatsaucerrim sherd 492295050.42pearlware1flatsaucershoulder 502345150.2chipping detritus4thinningOnondaga RWE, transfer 512345150.2printed2hollowcosmeticsblueflower pattern, mendable 522345150.2bottle glass1clearwine glass 532345150.2window glass1<1.6 mm 542345150.2window glass1>1.6 mm 552345150.2window glass2>1.6 mm 562265110.48faunal remains1deer long bone, burnt 572265110.48brick fragment1red 582265110.48shell casing1no markings, rim fired, pistol or rifle round 592265110.48scissors1handle 602265110.48brass tack1 612265110.48horseshoe nail1 622265110.48cut nail1framing nail 632265110.48window glass2<1.6 mm 642265110.48window glass1<1.6 mm, melted Detritus Consulting Ltd. 69 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 652265110.48bottle glass1clearwine glass 662265110.48chipping detritus3thinningHaldimand 672265110.48chipping detritus1secondaryHaldimand 682265110.48chipping detritus4secondaryOnondaga 692265110.48chipping detritus14thinningOnondaga 702265110.48RWE, banded1unknownunknownblue, blackbody sherd 712265110.48RWE1unknownunknownwhitesalt glazed, body sherd 722265110.48RWE1unknownunknownbrownexfoliated, body sherd 732265110.48RWE1hollowstoragedark brownbody sherd 742305100.36fencing wire1 752305100.36wire nail1framing nail 762305100.36wire nail4roofing nails 772305100.36cut nail1framing nail 782305100.36horseshoe nail2 792305100.36spike1bent to form hook musical 802305100.36instrument1sound board from harmonica unknown purpose, some illegible text, then 812305100.36brass fitting1"PATENT JUNE" no date visible 822305100.36brick fragment2red 832305100.36RWE1hollowbowlwhiterim sherd 842305100.36RWE1hollowbowlwhitebody sherd RWE, transfer 852305100.36printed1hollowbowlbluesprig pattern, body sherd 862305100.36chipping detritus1thinningBayport 872305100.36chipping detritus3thinningOnondaga 882305100.36chipping detritus1secondaryOnondaga 892305100.36window glass1<1.6 mm 902305100.36window glass1>1.6 mm 912305100.36window glass5>1.6 mm Detritus Consulting Ltd. 70 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 922305100.36bottle glass2clearwine glass 932305100.36bottle glass1light purpletumbler 942305100.36faunal remains4Bos. Taurus, ribs, butchered 12205080.23miscellaneous metal1possible bolt, heavily corroded 22205080.23cut nail1finishing nail 32205080.23cut nail2framing nails, heavily corroded 42205080.23chipping detritus1microOnondaga 52205080.23chipping detritus8thinningOnondaga 62205080.23chipping detritus1thinningBayport 72205080.23brick fragment2red 82205080.23recent material1brownmodern beer bottle glass 92205080.23slate1writing slate 102205080.23coal1 112205080.23window glass1>1.6 mm 122205080.23window glass1<1.6 mm 132155030.38wire nail2finishing nails 142155030.38wire nail1framing nail 152155030.38cut nail4framing nails 162155030.38horseshoe nail1 172155030.38spike2framing spikes 182155030.38spike1handmade 192155030.38haying fork1two prongs 202155030.38wire1bent wire 212155030.38horseshoe 1heavy gauge 222155030.38haying fork1three prongs Detritus Consulting Ltd. 71 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 232155030.38shotgun shell1all metal body, "Kynochs No 10 Patent" 242155030.38brick fragment1red 252155030.38chipping detritus2thinningHaldimand 262155030.38chipping detritus10thinningOnondaga 272155030.38faunal remains, mammalian3Bos. Taurus, femur fragments 282155030.38faunal remains, mammalian1Bos. Taurus, shoulder fragment 292155030.38ironstone3flatplatebase with foot ring 302155030.38ironstone9flatplatebody sherds 312155030.38window glass1<1.6 mm, melted 322155030.38window glass6>1.6 mm 332155030.38window glass1>1.6 mm 342155080.36cut nail3framing nails 352155080.36wire nail1finishing nail 362155080.36wire nail4framing nails 372155080.36iron clamp1handmade, possibly for boat 382155080.36shoe sole1vulcanized rubber 392155080.36bottle glass1clear 402155080.36window glass1aqua>1.6 mm 412155080.36pearlware1flatplaterim sherd 422155080.36pearlware1flatplatebody sherd 432155080.36RWE, transfer printed1flatplatebluerim sherd, unknown pattern 442155080.36chipping detritus1outer cortexOnondaga 452155080.36chipping detritus18thinningOnondaga 462155080.36chipping detritus2microOnondaga 472155080.36chipping detritus2thinningHaldimand 482205040.38horseshoe nail1 492205040.38cut nail4framing nails 502205040.38cut nail1finishing nail Detritus Consulting Ltd. 72 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 512205040.38wire nail3framing nails 522205040.38faunal remains, mammalian2unknown, small fragments 532205040.38sheet metal1tin 542205040.38coal2 552205040.38brick fragment6red 562205040.38window glass1>1.6 mm 572205040.38window glass1>1.6 mm, melted 582205040.38bottle glass1aqua 592205040.38bottle glass1clear 602205040.38bottle glass1clearvery thin 612205040.38red earthenware1hollowstoragered/brownbody sherd 622205040.38red earthenware1hollowstoragebrownbody sherd 632205040.38ironstone1hollowbowlshoulder 642205040.38ironstone1unknownunknownflake 652205040.38chipping detritus18thinningOnondaga 662055080.40spike1 672055080.40spike1 682055080.40cut nail3framing nails 692055080.40ironstone1flatplatewhite 702055080.40brick fragment1red 712055080.40bottle glass1bluemedicine bottle body shard 722055080.40recent material1clearsafety glass 732055080.40window glass2>1.6 mm 742055080.40window glass1>1.6 mm melted 752055080.40chipping detritus1outer cortexOnondaga 762055080.40chipping detritus1secondaryOnondaga 772055080.40chipping detritus3thinningOnondaga 782135050.40chipping detritus5thinningOnondagasubsoil Detritus Consulting Ltd. 73 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 792135050.40chipping detritus2secondaryOnondagasubsoil 802135050.40RWE 1unknownunknownsubsoil 812135050.40cut nail3framing nails, topsoil 822135050.40wire nail2framing nails, topsoil 832135050.40horseshoe nail3topsoil 842135050.40anchor chain12 links, topsoil 852135050.40chipping detritus4secondaryOnondagatopsoil 862135050.40chipping detritus1thinningHaldimandtopsoil 872135050.40chipping detritus1thinningUnknowntopsoil 882135050.40chipping detritus29thinningOnondagatopsoil 892135050.40faunal remains, mammalian2unknown, very small fragments 902135050.40ironstone, moulded1hollowbowlrim sherd 912135050.40ironstone1hollowbowlbody sherd 922135050.40ironstone1flatplaterim sherd 932135050.40ironstone7unknownunknownbody sherds 942135050.40bottle glass2clearbase shards, orange peel finish on bottom 952135050.40bottle glass1clearneck, topsoil 962135050.40bottle glass7clearbody shards 972135050.40bottle glass1clearwine glass 982135050.40window glass2<1.6 mm 992135050.40window glass1<1.6 mm 1002055040.46bottle glass2forest greenneck, rim, seam 1012055040.46bottle glass2forest greenshoulder, seam 1022055040.46bottle glass50forest greenbody shards Detritus Consulting Ltd. 74 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 1unit excavation1935022miscellaneous metal16 to 12wrought iron fence 2unit excavation1935022cut nails36 to 12heavily corroded 3unit excavation1935022RWE156 to 12hollowbowlbody sherds 4unit excavation1935022RWE, banded16 to 12hollowbowlbluebody sherd 5unit excavation1935022ironstone36 to 12flatplatebody sherds, burnt 6unit excavation1935022ironstone, moulded16 to 12hollowbowlbody sherd, burnt 7unit excavation1935022RWE, edged16 to 12flatplatebluestraight rim sherd, chicken claw 8unit excavation1935022faunal remains, mammalian16 to 12Bos. Taurus, unknown, burnt 9unit excavation1935022brick fragment16 to 12buff 10unit excavation1935022window glass26 to 12>1.6 mm 11unit excavation1935022bottle glass26 to 12bluebody shards 12unit excavation1865001bolt148large iron bolt 13unit excavation1865001cut nails548heavily corroded 14unit excavation1865001coal148 15unit excavation1865001faunal remains, avian148unknown 16unit excavation1865001bottle glass148greenthick, heavy body shard, seam visible 17unit excavation1865001bottle glass148bluebubbles present 18unit excavation1915001metal strapping144heavily corroded 19unit excavation1915001metal belt buckle144heavily corroded 20unit excavation1915001cut nails444heavily corroded 21unit excavation1915001wire nail244heavily corroded 22unit excavation1915001miscellaneous metal344heavily corroded 23unit excavation1915001faunal remains, mammalian144unknown, burnt 24unit excavation1915001faunal remains, avian144G. gallus, femur 25unit excavation1915001slate tablet244 26unit excavation1915001window glass244<1.6 mm 27unit excavation1915001window glass144<1.6 mm Detritus Consulting Ltd. 75 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 28unit excavation1915001window glass244>1.6 mm 29unit excavation1915001window glass244<1.6 mm 30unit excavation1915001bottle glass144greenheavy glass, bubbles 31unit excavation1915001bottle glass144clearmachine finish 32unit excavation1915001RWE144flatplaterim sherd 33unit excavation1915001RWE244flatplatebody sherds 34unit excavation1915001RWE, hand painted144hollowbowlgreenbody sherd 35unit excavation1915001stoneware244hollowstoragebrownbody sherds 36unit excavation1915001RWE, transfer printed244unknownunknownbluebody sherds, burnt 37unit excavation2005001chipping detritus153Onondaga Thinning Flake 38unit excavation2005001faunal remains, avian153G. gallus, pelvic fragment 39unit excavation2005001RWE, banded153hollowbowlpurplebody sherd 40unit excavation2005001ironstone153flatplatebase sherd 41unit excavation1935021brick fragment111 to 15redfrog present 42unit excavation1935021slate tablet211 to 15 43unit excavation1935021faunal remains, mammalian211 to 15Bos. Taurus, pelvic 44unit excavation1935021faunal remains, avian111 to 15G. gallus, knee joint 45unit excavation1935021faunal remains, mammalian211 to 15Bos. Taurus, rib 46unit excavation1935021faunal remains, mammalian211 to 15unknown 47unit excavation1935021faunal remains, avian111 to 15G. gallus, femur 48unit excavation1935021window glass211 to 15>1.6 mm 49unit excavation1935021bottle glass311 to 15bluebody shards 50unit excavation1935021white clay pipe bowl211 to 15plain, mendable 51unit excavation1935021white clay pipe stem111 to 15unmarked 52unit excavation1935021RWE211 to 15hollowbowlrim sherds 53unit excavation1935021RWE211 to 15flatplaterim sherds 54unit excavation1935021RWE211 to 15flatplatefootring 55unit excavation1935021RWE711 to 15hollowbowlbody sherds Detritus Consulting Ltd. 76 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 56unit excavation1935021RWE411 to 15flatplatebody sherds 57unit excavation1935021RWE111 to 15unknownunknownexfoliated 58unit excavation1935021pearlware111 to 15hollowbowlbody sherd 59unit excavation1935021RWE, transfer printed111 to 15hollowservingbrownrim sherd, large serving bowl, light cable pattern 60unit excavation1935021ironstone111 to 15flatplaterim sherd 61unit excavation1935021ironstone111 to 15flatplateexfoliated 62unit excavation1935021ironstone1711 to 15flatplatebody sherds 63unit excavation1935021wire nail611 to 15heavily corroded 64unit excavation1935021spike211 to 15heavily corroded, bent 65unit excavation1935021fencing wire111 to 15heavily corroded 66unit excavation1935021spike211 to 15heavily corroded 67unit excavation1935021cut nails911 to 15heavily corroded 68unit excavation1935021recent material111 to 15bottle cap 69unit excavation1935021sheet metal411 to 15heavily corroded, heavy gauge 70unit excavation1935021miscellaneous metal211 to 15heavily corroded 12055040.25cut nails22framing nails 22055040.25horseshoe nail2 32055040.25cut nails10finishing nails 42055040.25metal hinge13 holes punched through 52055040.25coin2U.S.A. 25 cent pieces, dated 1964 & 1966 62055040.25faunal remains, mammalian1unknown, long bone fragment 72055040.25slate1flake 82055040.25chipping detritus1Onondaga Chert secondary flake 92055040.25chipping detritus1Onondaga chert thinning flake 102055040.25white clay pipe bowl1small fragment, plain Detritus Consulting Ltd. 77 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 112055040.25white clay pipe stem1unmarked 122055040.25brown clay pipe stem1unmarked 132055040.25pearlware1flatplatefoot ring 142055040.25yellowware1flatplateyellowbody sherd 152055040.25RWE2unknownunknownsmall fragments 162055040.25RWE, transfer printed1unknownunknownbluesprig pattern 172055040.25RWE, transfer printed1unknownunknownblueburnt 182055040.25RWE, transfer printed1unknownunknownblueunknown pattern 192055040.25RWE, transfer printed1hollowbowlmulberryunknown pattern 202055040.25RWE, transfer printed1flatplatebrownthin cable pattern 212055040.25RWE, transfer printed1flatplatebrownwing pattern 222055040.25RWE, transfer printed1flatplatebrownlight strokes trailed across surface 232055040.25RWE5unknownunknownexfoliated 242055040.25RWE, hand painted4hollowcupgreen, blueleaf pattern, late palette 252055040.25RWE1hollowcuprim sherd 262055040.25ironstone1unknownunknownfoot ring 272055040.25ironstone3hollowbowlbody sherds 282055040.25ironstone, moulded2hollowbowlbody sherds 292055040.25ironstone, moulded1hollowbowlrim sherd 302055040.25stoneware2unknownunknowndark brownbody sherds 312055040.25window glass5<1.6 mm 322055040.25window glass3>1.6 mm 332055040.25window glass15>1.6 mm 342055040.25bottle glass1purplelamp chimney rim 352055040.25bottle glass1purplelamp chimney body shard 362055040.25bottle glass1clear 372055040.25bottle glass1aqua 382055040.25bottle glass1clearmelted Detritus Consulting Ltd. 78 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 392005020.33wire nail2framing nails 402005020.33cut nails13framing nails 412005020.33cut nails4finishing nails 422005020.33horseshoe nail1 432005020.33miscellaneous metal1lid or base of metal can 442005020.33miscellaneous metal1body of metal can 452005020.33white clay pipe stem1unmarked 462005020.33button1Prosser Type, 4 holes, round 472005020.33coal1 482005020.33brick fragment3red 492005020.33concrete1painted yellow 502005020.33yellowware2hollowbowlyellowbody sherds 512005020.33RWE, hand painted1hollowtea cupgreenlate palette, leaf pattern, rim sherd 522005020.33RWE, hand painted1unknownunknownredbody sherd 532005020.33RWE, hand painted1unknownunknownred, bluebody sherd 542005020.33RWE, transfer printed2unknownunknownmulberrybody sherds 552005020.33RWE, transfer printed1flatplatebluegeometric pattern, rim sherd 562005020.33RWE, transfer printed1unknownunknownblueunknown pattern 572005020.33RWE, transfer printed1hollowbowlbrownlight cable pattern, rim sherd 582005020.33pearlware1flatplaterim sherd 592005020.33RWE1flatplatebody sherd, burnt 602005020.33RWE1hollowbowlfoot ring 612005020.33RWE2hollowbowlbody sherds 622005020.33RWE9flatplatebody sherds 632005020.33window glass3>1.6 mm 642005020.33window glass5<1.6 mm 652005020.33bottle glass1wine glass, body shard 662005020.33faunal remains, mammalian1G. gallus, rib fragment Detritus Consulting Ltd. 79 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 672005020.33faunal remains, mammalian3Bos. Taurus, rib fragments 682005020.33faunal remains, mammalian3unknown 692105000.26cut nail13framing nail 702105000.26wire nail1framing nail 712105000.26cut nails14finishing nails 722105000.26miscellaneous metal1large iron bracket 732105000.26chipping detritus1Onondaga chert outer cortex flake 742105000.26chipping detritus7Onondaga chert thinning flake 752105000.26slate1small flake 762105000.26coal3 772105000.26mortar1 782105000.26brick fragment1red 792105000.26window glass2<1.6 mm 802105000.26window glass2>1.6 mm 812105000.26window glass9>1.6 mm 822105000.26bottle glass4purplebody shards 832105000.26bottle glass1clearbody shards 842105000.26bottle glass1clearbody shards, very thin 852105000.26bottle glass1aquabody shards 862105000.26faunal remains, mammalian1Bos. Taurus, tooth 872105000.26faunal remains, mammalian2G. gallus, cranium 882105000.26faunal remains, mammalian1G. gallus, pelvis 892105000.26faunal remains, mammalian6unknown, small fragments 902105000.26RWE, transfer printed2unknownunknownbluewillow pattern, small body sherds 912105000.26RWE3unknownunknownexfoliated sherds 922105000.26RWE3hollowbowlbody sherds 932105000.26ironstone5flatplatebody sherds 942105000.26stoneware1hollowbowlolive greenbody sherd Detritus Consulting Ltd. 80 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement 952105000.26red earthenware1hollowink wellred, greenneck sherd 961955040.34cut nails3framing nails 971955040.34wire nail1framing nail 981955040.34horseshoe nail3 991955040.34miscellaneous metal1possible gun part 1001955040.34coin11903 U.S.A. Indian Head penny 1011955040.34white clay pipe stem1"Murray" "Glasgow" embossed on sides 1021955040.34white clay pipe bowl1plain 1031955040.34white clay pipe bowl1bird of paradise design 1041955040.34faunal remains, mammalian4unknown, fragments 1051955040.34window glass1<1.6 mm 1061955040.34window glass1>1.6 mm 1071955040.34window glass1>1.6 mm 1081955040.34red earthenware3hollowstoragebuffbody sherds 1091955040.34stoneware1hollowstoragedark brownbody sherd 1101955040.34RWE3hollowbowlbody sherds 1111955040.34RWE3flatplatebody sherds 1121955040.34RWE1hollowbowlbody sherd, burnt 1132155040.18pearlware1flatplatefoot ring 1142155040.18cut nail1framing nail 1152155040.18brick fragment1red 1162155040.18faunal remains, mammalian1unknown, fragment 1172155040.18window glass1aqua>1.6 mm Detritus Consulting Ltd. 81 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement The term pearlware denotes an early variety of refined white tableware that was first produced in 1779 by Josiah Wedgewood; it remained popular on Euro-Canadian sites in Southern Ontario until the 1830s,when it was supplanted by later RWE varieties such as whiteware and ironstone (Adams 1994). Pearlwarecan be easily identified by a bluish glaze that appears along footing crevices due to the addition of cobalt to the glaze (Adams 1994)in an attempt to imitate Chinese porcelain. In the 1820s, the blue-tinted pearlware glaze gave way to a whiter variety that some archaeologists have taken to calling whiteware; like pearlware, however, this term was not used by manufacturers. According to Miller (1980a:18), the white appearance of whiteware was caused by reducing the amount of cobalt added to the glaze and adding it instead to the paste. It was manufactured by many different recipes, however, and can be difficult to distinguish from other ceramics in the period, including sherds of pearlware, especially when examining small sherds. As Miller suggests, before six archaeologists and they are asked for counts of creamware, pearlware, whiteware, and stone china wares, the results will probably be six different enumerations Miller 1980a:2 Accordingly, the term RWE is used in this report to identify whiteware sherds as well as any sherds that are too small to distinguish between whiteware, pearlware or ironstone (noting that this gives a conservative date to any pearlware sherds not correctly identified). Ironstone was a variety of RWE designed by the Turner family in the late 1700s (Tharp 2017). Like its contemporaries, it featured a white surface, but with a bluish tint. Furthermore, ironstone vessels were usually thicker than earlier whiteware varieties with a dense, heavy paste. The impetus behind their development was a desire among Staffordshire potters to find a cheap alternative to imported porcelain. By 1813 James Mason at time a variety of Staffordshire potteries were all of the various stone china ceramics that were in production. Ironstone began to be imported from England to Canada during the 1840s and came to dominate the ceramic trade during the middle part of the century (The Potteries.org 2003). In terms of appearance, ironstone vessels were commonly left plain with infrequent applied surface decoration, although moulded designs were common (Adams 1994). Red and yellow earthenware are utilitarian wares that are fired at a lower temperature than more RWE varieties, and are made from a coarser, more porous paste. Earthenwares cannot be used to th date an archaeological assemblage since they were in use throughout the entirety of the 19 century. Their frequency on sites began to decline slowly from the 1850s onwardswith the importation of stoneware from the United States and then dramatically after 1890 when they were replaced by glass jars (Miller 1980b:9). Earthenware vessels were also less expensive than other, more refined tablewares. As a result, an abundance of earthenware pieces relative to other th ware types, especially on a late 19 century site, may indicate lower economic status. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 82 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Stoneware ceramics are made from a heavy, non-porous paste and, although naturally th impermeable, were usually glazed with a grey or brown slip (Lamb 2003). Early 19 century varieties were manufactured in England, Germany and the United States and featured a salt glaze. Stoneware vessels were relatively infrequent in Southern Ontario until the mid-1800s; by 1850, at least two potteries in Ontario (Brantford and Toronto) were producing stoneware.Because they were large and durable, stoneware vessels were typically utilitarian, functioning as food storage containers, beer jugs and tankards, butter crocks, and cream jars (Lamb 2003). th Yellowware is a type of coarse earthenware that was produced in England in the late 18 century. It first appeared on sites in Southern Ontario in the 1840s, and remained popular throughout the th remainder of the 19 century. In addition to the distinctive mustard-yellow glaze, yellowware vessels can be identified by their porous, buff-coloured fabric. They were often slip decorated and commonly used for utilitarian kitchen bowls (Adams 1994). Banding is one of several terms that denotes the use of an applied coloured slip to decorate the edge of a vessel; others include annular ware and slip-decorated ware. As the name implies, simple bands of colour were a common motif among banded vessels, but the term also includes ,as well as machine-turned impressed th patterns. Banding was common on ceramic vessels throughout the 19 century. As the century progressed, the patterns tended to become simpler and blue the most dominant colour (Adams 1994). Edging is used to describe ceramics where decoration is concentrated on moulding or colouring the rim of the vessel, most commonly plates and other flatware. The earliest edged vessels bore asymmetrical, rococo shell-edging and date from roughly 1775. Over time, the style of the edge design changed, becoming symmetrical scalloping from around 1800, to straight-edged with feathering by 1840 and non-embossed, straight edges by 1860 (Hunter and Miller 2009). Dates vary somewhat for the popularity of the dominant colours blue and green but blue scalloped edged vessels date from 1820 to 1840, blue unscalloped edged vessels from after 1860. Hand painted floral tea and dinner ware sets were a staple ceramic item in the 1800s. From 1785 to 1815, potters used metal oxide colours that produced subdued, earth tones including brownish orange, olive-green, raw umber, and a limited use of blue. Cobalt blue, often referred to as Early Palette Blue, was the most dominant colour observed between 1815 and 1830, and typically featured large brushstrokes. Between 1830 and 1870, a growing variety of chrome colours, often referred to as Late Palette colours, were popular for RWE and ironstone dinner and teasets (Adams 1994). By the end of the century, blue had once again emerged as the post popular colour for hand painted vessels. The technique of transferring a pattern from an engraved metal plate to the surface of a ceramic th vessel is thought to have developed in the mid-18 century (Jervis 1911); it became more widely used among Staffordshire potteries in the 1790s (Shaw 1829). In Southern Ontario, transfer th printing was popular through the first half of the 19 Century before simpler techniques or no decoration whatsoever became popular. It underwent a revival after 1870 until the end of the Century th ware manufactured throughout the 19 century on various wares and it was the dominant colour available for printed wares before 1830. Brown and black transfer print wareswere popular for a long span roughly between 1830 and 1870 (Adams1994). Detritus Consulting Ltd. 83 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Flow transfer printing was similar to regular transfer printing, with the exception that designs were allowed to bleed into the glaze giving them a misty appearance. Flow transfer printing was popular in the late 1840s and 1850s and was later revived in the 1890s. Traditionally, blue is the most predominant colour used in flow-transfer printing, although examples in black do exist (Adams 1994). Bottle glass fragments are generally not diagnostic and are often simply categorized according to colour. Clear, or colourless glass was uncommon prior to the 1870s. Until 1880, clear glass bottles often displayed an aqua tinge that resulted from the iron additives used to de-colouriseit.Clear or colourless glass came into much more widespread use after the development of automatic bottle th manufacturing machines in the early 20century(Lindsey 2019). The patent for the Prosser method provides a terminus post quem of 1840. They were the most th inexpensive buttons available in the 19century, remained popular through to the 1920s and were produced in France until the 1960s (Venovcevs 2013). The method involves pressure moulding powdered minerals common in the recipe of ceramics, such as clay, flint and feldspar, before firing at high temperatures to achieve a vitrified finish. While the buttons were moulded in various patterns, embossed and decorated with transfer and hand-painted glazes, the most common are simple white, sew-2002). th White clay pipes were popular throughout the 19 century, with a decline in use around 1880 due to the rise in popularity of briar pipes and cigarettes (Kenyon 1980). Most white clay pipes were manufactured in either Québec or Scotland, with occasional examples from English, Dutch, the stem with the city of manufacture on the opposite side, although this did not become common practice until after 1840. The value of paper, especially writing quality paper, in the 1800s prevented its use for junior schoolwork and everyday household use. Instead, both adults and children commonly used slate boards and pencils. Boards comprised a flat sheet of fine quality slate (typically 2.5mm thick) bounded in a wood frame. The pencils were typically 3-5mm thick and composed of slate or shale softer than the board. There were several methods of pencil manufacture, from reducing slices it by forcing them through tubes (the evidence of which can be seen as flat facets along the pencil length); turning slices of slate (Davies 2005), or by grinding slate or shale to a powder to then compress it in moulds (Evening Standard 1891). Given the expense of slate for roofing purposes, most thin slate fragments on historic sites are likely to be from writing boards. th Baked red and yellow clay bricks were commonly used throughout the 19 century, and occurred th in a variety of different shapes and sizes depending on the use of the brick. Generally, early 19 century bricks were handmade and were thin, flat and rectangular. Throughout the middle of the he end of the century, brick manufacturing had become mechanised. As a result, bricks from this period are uniform in size, shape and colour with sharp edges and well-defined impressed frogs, often 1994). Detritus Consulting Ltd. 84 Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment,Five Locations, Port Bruce Bridge Replacement Originally, all nails were handmade (wrought) and required skill, as well as a forge. As a result, nails were relatively expensive and methods were sought to have them machine made. Whereas cut,or square nail manufacture began in the late 1790s,cut nails only become readily available in Upper Canada by the 1830s. Cut nails revolutionized house framing and were common for a long period, from approximately 1830 to 1890 by which time they had been largely supplanted by wire nails.Wire drawn nails are identical to the type of nails used today, with their round heads and wire shafts (Adams 1994). Window glass can be temporally diagnostic in a limited manner, but only if at least ten specimens are available. In the 1840s, window glass thickness changed dramatically, in large part due to the lifting of the English import tax on window glass in 1845. This tariff taxed glass by weight and encouraged manufacturers to produce thin panes. Most window glass manufactured before 1845 tended to be thinner, while later glass was thicker. However, because window glass thickness varied even within a single pane, an assemblage of ten specimens is required to provide an adequate sample (Kenyon 1980). In Ontario the use of pottery began approximately 2,800 years ago (Adams 1994). The clay used to make pots is a plastic medium, therefore, it can be shaped and decorated to the preference of the potter. Once the pottery is fired these preferences are fixed into the clay. As the cultural and artistic preferences, and the function of the vessels changed over time, the decorative techniques changed as well. A wide variety of decorative techniques were used in Ontario by pre-contact Aboriginal people. Chipping detritus is the waste product from the production of stone tools and is the most frequently recovered artifact on pre-contact Aboriginal sites in southern Ontario. Chipping detritus has a low significance and interpretive value when it is not associated with any diagnostic material, therefore they cannot be used to determine the cultural affiliation or time period of the occupation of a site. Detritus Consulting Ltd. 85 Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Lampropeltis triangulum Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Solidago rigida ssp. rigida Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Mertensia virginica Castanea dentataGentianella quinquefoliaEmpidonax virescensViola striataHydrophyllum appendiculatum Erigenia bulbosaCystopteris protrusa Ammodramus henslowii Riparia riparia Chelydra serpentina/ŷƩǤƭĻƒǤƭ ƦźĭƷğ ƒğƩŭźƓğƷğ Lampropeltis triangulum Emydoidea blandingii Falco peregrinus Potamilus alatus Myotis lucifuguMyotis septentrionalis Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Ammocrypta pellucida Chrysemys picta marginata Chelydra serpentina Emydoidea blandingii Lampropeltis triangulum Ammodramus henslowii Riparia riparia Falco peregrinus Empidonax virescens Castanea dentata Fraxinus nigra Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Emydoidea blandingiiAmmocrypta pellucida Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Port Bruce Bridge Vitis ripariaFragaria virginiana Solidago canadensisAsclepias syriaca Alliaria petiolataArctium lappaVerbascum thapsus the roadside of Dexter Line towards Catfish Creek. The path of drainage was readily apparent due to the presence of moisture tolerant plant species, such as (Polygonatum biflorum) and assorted species of sedges. Erosion along this path is not evident, likely as a result of the thick, vegetative ground cover. Towards the western edge of the drainage path, a number of mature trees are growing. These trees include two larger (DBH > 20 cm) specimens that may be considered candidate habitat for SAR bats. These trees were determined to be Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) and Buroak (Quercus macrocarpa). A number of smaller Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa) and Red-Osier Dogwood (Cornus sericea) trees were also observed growing in the treeline extending from of Dexter Line towards Catfish Creek. Similar vegetation species were documented in proximity to the northern abutment, however a large Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica) tree was also on the northern bank of Catfish Creek. The presence of a small, sandy parking area was documented on the eastern side of the southern abutment. This area displayed evidence of extreme erosion leading from the parking area towards Catfish Creek. It is also of key importance to note the presence of a mature Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) tree, located between the parking area and the southern abutment. This tree represents candidate habitat for SAR bats. Temporary Bridge Inspection of the temporary bridge documented the presence of additional candidate habitat for wildlife and SAR specimens. A number of mature woody specimens were documented at each corner of the temporary bridge. A large Red Spruce (Picea rubens) was documented in proximity to the eastern corner of the southern abutment while a mature Crack Willow (Salix fragilis) tree was documented on the bank of the western side of the southern abutment of the temporary bridge. In proximity to the northern abutment of the temporary bridge, a mature Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) tree was observed growing in proximity to the northeastern corner of the bridge, while a number of mature Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) trees and a European Linden (Tilia x europaea L) tree were documented near the northwestern corner. It is prudent to note that another mature Red Spruce was observed on the neighbouring property northwest of the temporary bridge. These trees were all documented to have DHB > 20 cm and may therefore be considered as candidate habitat for SAR bats. Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Slopes on all four corners of the temporary bridge appear to be stable and do not show any visible signs of erosion. This is likely a result of the rockfill installed in proximity to Catfish Creek and the presence of grasses covering the remaining slopes. Other vegetation, such as Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) and White Clover (Trifolium repens), were also observed on the slopes. Sediment fencing was seen surrounding rockfill on the northern bank of the temporary bridge. This was likely installed to stop potential erosion from entering neighbouring properties. A key consideration of this inspection was to determine the presence or absence of Barn Swallow nests on the underside of the bridge. Based on this inspection, no Barn Swallow nests were present. While this bridge offers a pristine location for nesting, the bridge was observed to rattle loudly during vehicle use. This offers insight as to why no Barn Swallow have nested within the beams. However, nests were documented in the trusses of the top of the temporary bridge. These were likely the nests of another, more common bird species observed during the field inspection. Incidental Wildlife Observations A number of bird species were observed during inspections of both bridges. Some of these birds include: Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina), American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis), Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) and Barn Swallow. While the majority of these birds are species known to be common in Ontario, Barn Swallow is currently designated as Threatened in Ontario. Since no nests were observed on the underside of the temporary bridge, it is likely these birds are nesting on nearby urban structures, such as sheds, garages and cottages. In addition to the birds observed during the field inspection, an Eastern Cottontail Rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) was on the slope of southeastern corner of the temporary bridge. Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Hirundo rustica Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Cirsium vulgareArctium lappa Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Ammocrypta pellucida Myotis lucifugus Myotis septentrionalis Perimyotis subflavus Lampropeltis triangulum Chrysemys picta marginata Chrysemys picta picta Verbascum thapsus V.blattaria Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Conservation Authorities Act Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Endangered Species Act, 2007 Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 1 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the remaining southern abutment of the original Port Bruce Bridge. Photo No. 2 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the western edge of the southern abutment. This photograph shows the drainage path from the roadside of Dexter Line to Catfish Creek. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 3 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of a patch of native and non- native herbaceous vegetation, in the drainage path from the roadside of Dexter Line to Catfish Creek. Photo No. 4 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the land use western side of the southern abutment. Mature woody stems (DBH > 10cm) are visible along the edge of the property. Mature woody specimens on this side of the abutment include predominately Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) and Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarp a). Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 5 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: Mature Black Walnut tree growing in proximity to the drainage path located on the western side of the southern abutment of the original Port Bruce Bridge. Photo No. 6 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: A closer view of drainage path on the western side of the southern abutment. Vegetation tolerant of moist soil was documented along this drainage from the roadside of Dexter Line to Catfish Creek. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 7 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of a large Bur Oak tree which exists near the western bank of the southern abutment of the original Port Bruce Bridge. Photo No. 8 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of a Common Alder tree (Alnus glutinosa) observed in proximity to the existing southern abutment on the west side. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 9 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View across Catfish Creek of the northern abutment of the original Port Bruce Bridge. Land use surrounding the abutment appears to be dominated by urban uses with a few planted mature woody stems (i.e., conifers). Photo No. 10 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View downstream from the southern bank of Catfish Creek. The temporary bridge is visible in the background of this photograph (blue arrow). Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 11 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the southern bank of Catfish Creek in proximity to the existing abutment. This area represent candidate habitat for SAR turtle nests. So, this area should be isolated from the creek prior to turtle nesting season (e.g., fence area with sediment- erosion control before May 15 in any year). Photo No. 12 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: General view of the eastern side of the southern bank. A mature Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) tree is visible in the midground of the photograph. This tree represents candidate habitat for SAR bats and ideally should be retained, if feasible. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 13 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the remaining southern abutment from the southeastern bank. A mature Sugar Maple tree is visible in close proximity to the abutment. Photo No. 14 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: A closer view of the mature Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) tree growing in proximity to the remaining southern abutment of the original Port Bruce Bridge. This tree represents candidate habitat for SAR bats and should be retained, if feasible. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 15 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View a parking area on the south bank of Catfish Creek. This area lies just east of the southern abutment. This parking area shows clear evidence of erosion to the creek that requires correction during the proposed project. Photo No. 16 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: A closer view of a defined path (red arrows) of erosion draining through the parking area towards Catfish Creek. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 17 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the southern bank on the eastern side of the existing abutment. This area represents candidate turtle habitat and should also be isolated from the creek before turtle nesting season in any given year (i.e., install fence before May 15). Photo No. 18 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: Verbascum Thapsus, Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 19 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the temporary bridge installed approximately 200 metres downstream of the original Port Bruce Bridge. Photo No. 20 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: General view of the temporary bridge from the southern bank, looking north. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 21 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the western side of the southern abutment of the temporary bridge. This slope appears to be stable with no apparent erosion, likely due to the presence of rockfill and grassy vegetation. Photo No. 22 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the western side of the northern abutment of the temporary bridge. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 23 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of a mature Red Spruce (Picea rubens) tree in proximity to the southern abutment of the temporary bridge. Red Spruce has been designated as a Provincially Rare species. This tree is located well away from the bridge area, so it will not be disturbed. Photo No. 24 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: A view of second Red Spruce tree in proximity to the temporary bridge. The small cones (~5 cm) of the Red Spruce were evident on ground below the tree. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 25 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: General view of the eastern side of the southern abutment of the temporary bridge. This slope appears to be stable with no apparent erosion, likely due to the presence of rockfill and grassy vegetation. Photo No. 26 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of an Eastern Cottontail Rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) observed near the bank of Catfish Creek in proximity to the southern abutment of the temporary bridge. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 27 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the rockfill on the eastern side of the southern abutment. Rockfill on the banks of the creek contributes to stable slopes, thereby combating erosion. Photo No. 28 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: General view of the northern bank on the eastern side of the northern abutment of the temporary bridge. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 29 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View underneath the temporary bridge. No Barn Swallow nests were observed, likely due to the intense rattling of the bridge during car use. Photo No. 30 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the eastern side of the northern abutment. Sediment fencing has been installed. This slope appears to be stable with no apparent erosion, likely due to the presence of rockfill and grass. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 31 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of a mature Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) growing on the eastern side of the northern abutment. Photo No. 32 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the western side of the northern abutment of the temporary bridge. Sediment fencing has been installed, however this slope appears to be stable with no apparent erosion, likely due to the presence of rockfill and grass. Representative Photographs of Port Bruce Bridge, Port Bruce, Ontario Photo No. 33 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the southern abutment from the western side of the northern abutment. Photo No. 34 Date: May 6, 2019 Description: View of the rockfill on the western side of the northern abutment. Rockfill on the banks of the creek contributes to stable slopes, thereby combating erosion. Port Bruce Bridge, Imperial Rd, Aylmer, ON N5H 2R2 Statement of Limitations For this study, the information, conclusions and recommendations given herein are specifically for (Client) only and for the scope of work described herein for Port Bruce Bridge located on Imperial Rd, Aylmer, County of Elgin, Ontario N5H 2R2. The scope of work involved environmental screening for constraints based on a desktop review and a focal field inspection. Hence, the findings from study may not be sufficient for other uses. In this regard, ELM Inc. does not accept responsibility for this or other uses by third parties. The data, conclusions and recommendations included within this report, and the quality thereof, are based on the scope authorized by the Client. Note however, that no scope of work, no matter how exhaustive, can identify all environmental constraints, environmental contaminants or all conditions above and below ground that may exist. For example, environmental observations may differ across survey dates. Hence, conditions may differ from those encountered in the investigation. Similarly, flood zone features may vary dramatically from year to year even when the site in question is not mapped as flood plain by government agencies. This report therefore cannot warrant that all conditions on or off the site are presented by those identified at specific locations on the focal inspection date. Any recommendations and conclusions provided that are based on conditions or assumptions reported herein will inherently include any uncertainty associated with those conditions or assumptions. In fact, many aspects involving professional judgment such as habitat available for Species At Risk, potential for Species At Risk to migrate to the site in question, and follow-up study recommendations inherently contain a degree of uncertainty that cannot be eliminated. Since uncertainty cannot be eliminated, uncertainty should be managed by periodic review and refinement as additional information becomes available. Note also that standards, guidelines and practice related to environmental investigations may change with time. Those which are applied at the time of this investigation may be obsolete or unacceptable at a later date. The scope of work and findings reported may not be sufficient to determine all of the factors that may affect construction or other on-site activities. Contractors bidding on future aspects of this undertaking should, therefore, make their own interpretation of the factual information presented and draw their own conclusions as to how the conditions may affect their work. Similarly, ELM Inc. cannot warranty the accuracy of information supplied by the Client regarding the legal boundaries of the Site. 3.1Background Information 3.2References 4.1Roadway Classification 4.2Watershed Characteristics 4.3Original Bridge 4.4Waterway Adequacy 4.5Major Flood 4.6Ice 4.7Relief Flows 4.8Existing Roadside and Structure Drainage 4.9Upstream Structures 4.10Downstream Structures 5.1Flow Estimate Methods 5.2Summary of EstimatedFlows 5.3Design Flows 8.1Horizontal Alignment 8.2Vertical Alignment 8.3Cross-Section Elements LAKEERIE K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY LAKEERIE K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY Watershed Area:km² Length of Creek:m Slope of the Main Channel: By the 85/10 Method Length at 10% = 53600 x 0.10 = 5360 m Actual distance =m Actual elevation=m Length at 85% = 53600 x 0.85 = 45560 m Actual distance =m Actual elevation=m rise Slope = run 230 - 180 Slope = 48216 - 8144 50 Slope = 40072 From MTC Chart H2-7, Elgin County & Oxford County: Elgin CountyOxford County % of Watershed:90% of Watershed:10 Crop:68Crop:69 Pasture:22Pasture:24 Wood:10Wood:7 Average Watershed Land Use: Crop:% Pasture:% Wood:% From Soil Maps of Elgin County & Oxford County: Berrien Loamy Sand11.2km² km² Bottom Land17.0 Brady Sandy Loam2.1km² km² Brookston Clay12.2 Brookston Sandy Loam19.1km² km² Brookston Silt Loam1.7 Clyde Loam3.6km²See MTO Drainage km² Conover Clay Loam106.2Management Manual Conover Loam3.5km²Design Chart 1.08 km² Eroded14.2 Fox Sandy Loam3.7km² km² Granby Sand6.8 Granby Sandy Loam2.3km² km² Haldimand Silt Loam23.7 Huron Clay Loam12.8km² km² Huron Silt Loam2.3 Miami Clay Loam77.1km² km² Miami Gravelly Loam1.0 Miami Loam6.2km² Mixed (Ottawa Sand & 14.8km² Miami Silty Clay Loam) Muck4.2km² km² Oshtemo Loamy Sand33.1 Perth Silt Loam16.1km² km² Sum of Area = 394.9 Watershed Area = 394.9 ĭŷĻĭƉ km² A33.18.4% AB34.1km²8.6% km² B32.48.2% BC53.5km²13.5% km² C151.938.5% CD12.8km²3.2% km² D77.119.5% Sum of Area = 394.9km² Watershed Area = 394.9 ĭŷĻĭƉ See MTO Drainage Management Manual Design Chart 1.09 A33.122.53667.34583.21502073.19 AB34.123.22707.57623.31542273.52 B32.422.06747.19653.14582282.58 BC53.536.437811.88715.19654022.40 C151.9103.448233.727614.737112091.39 CD12.88.72842.84791.24741048.58 D77.152.518617.12817.48776477.71 Total =30269.4 Total Sum of Areas x CN (km²) CN = avg WS Area (km²) 30269.4 CN= avg 394.9 CN= 76.7(AMC II) avg CN= 89.5(AMC III)(MTO Drainage Management Manual Design Chart 1.10) avg Use three-parameter HYMO Equation A =drainage area, hectares 2 A =394.9km * 100 A =39490hectares S =slope,m/m S =0.0012m/m L =Length of creek, m L =53600m W= width of watershed, m avg W + W + W 123 W= avg 3 W= 13943m (at creek length = 50800m) 1 W= 14925m (at creek length = 28150m) 2 W= 7592m (at creek length = 13075m) 3 13943 + 14925 + 7592 W= avg 3 W= 12153m avg Watershed Type:Southern Watershed Area:394.9 km² Watershed Slope:0.0012 m/m CN:76.7 Base Watershed Class:9.0 (MTO Drainage Management Manual Design Chart 1.17) + Slope Adjustment: (MTO Drainage Management Manual Design Chart 1.18) = Net Watershed Class:8.7 Class Coefficient, C: (MTO Drainage Management Manual Design Chart 1.15) 0.75 CA Q= 25 0.75 . Q= (2.41)(394.9) 25 Q=FCFQ 10 1025 MTC Drainage Manual 0.75 . Q=FCF= (0.79)(213.5) 10 10 Chapter H Design Chart H5-9 (c) Q=FCFQ 50 5025 MTC Drainage Manual 0.75 . Q=FCF= (1.16)(168.7) 50 50 Chapter H Design Chart H5-9 (c) Q=FCFQ 100 10025 MTC Drainage Manual 0.75 . Q=FCF= (1.32)(213.5) 100 100 Chapter H Design Chart H5-9 (c) Use gauging station 02GC018 - Catfish Creek Near Sparta: 2 R= From a regression analysis:0.8765 y =48.843*ln(x) +61.647 For Q y = (48.843)*ln(10) + (61.647) 10, m Q = 174.1 10 For Q y = (48.843)*ln(25) + (61.647) 25, m Q = 218.9 25 For Q y = (174.112)*ln(50) + (0.000) 50, m Q = 252.7 50 For Q y = (48.843)*ln(100) + (61.647) 100, m Q = 286.6 100 Now transport discharge back toCatfish Creek at Port Bruce Bridge 2 A= 394.9 km 1 2 A= 295 km 2 A/A = (394.90) / (295) 12 A/A = 1.339 12 0.75 Q=Q (A/A) 10 1012 0.75 . Q= (174.1)(1.339) 10 0.75 Q=Q (A/A) 25 2512 0.75 . Q= (218.9)(1.339) 25 0.75 Q=Q (A/A) 50 2512 Q= (252.7)(1.339) 50 0.75 Q=Q (A/A) 100 10012 0.75 . Q= (286.6)(1.339) 100 IDPARAMYearTIMEZONEHH:MMMM--DDMAX 02GC01811965EST17:0003--05145.0 02GC01811966EST22:3012--0758.6 02GC01811967EST11:0006--29118.0 02GC01811968EST12:0002--02144.0 02GC01811969EST20:4501--30133.0 02GC01811970EST17:4604--0292.6 02GC01811971EST10:1702--27113.0 02GC01811972EST9:5003--2289.8 02GC01811973EST18:1203--11130.0 02GC01811974EST10:2101--2791.7 02GC01811975EST7:5401--0973.3 02GC01811976EST12:5003--05140.0 02GC01811977EST4:2003--05130.0 02GC01811978EST16:3803--21146.0 02GC01811979EST4:1504--14147.0 02GC01811980EST14:1103--21127.0 02GC01811982EST0:0103--14151.0 02GC01811984EST6:4202--14296.0 02GC01811985EST19:5402--24158.0 02GC01811986EST3:3203--11131.0 02GC01811987EST10:1904--0564.6 02GC01811988EST0:4703--2642.4 02GC01811989EST11:0406--2226.1 02GC01811990EST8:1012--30102.0 02GC01811991EST1:1203--0761.8 02GC01811992EST0:5811--13152.0 02GC01811993EST18:4301--04165.0 02GC01811995EST19:2811--11103.0 02GC01811996EST19:3305--1088.8 02GC01811997EST3:4802--22122.0 02GC01811998EST7:0001--0891.1 02GC01811999EST2:0001--2460.4 02GC01812000EST16:1506--1373.3 02GC01812002EST23:0002--2060.3 02GC01812004EST19:4512--31144.0 02GC01812005EST0:0001--0188.1 02GC01812006EST16:0012--01106.0 02GC01812007EST6:5501--0677.7 02GC01812010EST15:0004--08109.0 02GC01812011EST18:0011--29170.0 02GC01812012EST16:0001--1747.6 02GC01812013EST11:4001--13109.0 02GC01812014EST2:0009--0693.9 02GC01812015EST19:0003--1740.8 02GC01812016EST2:0004--01108.0 02GC01812017EST9:0005--0581.9 ЊВЏЎЊЍЎ͵ЉВЉ͵ЊВЊЎ͵ЋЋ ЊВЏЏЎБ͵ЏЍЋЉ͵БВЍЊ͵ЊЋ ЊВЏАЊЊБ͵ЉЊВЉ͵ЍЉЍЋ͵ЍА ЊВЏБЊЍЍ͵ЉЊЉЉ͵ЋЊЌЍ͵АЉ ЊВЏВЊЌЌ͵ЉЊЌЉ͵ЋААЌ͵ЏЋ ЊВАЉВЋ͵ЏЋБЉ͵ЎВЏЊ͵ЏБ ЊВАЊЊЊЌ͵ЉЋЉЉ͵ЍЋЏЋ͵ЌЎ ЊВАЋБВ͵БЌЊЉ͵ЏЏЉЊ͵ЎЋ ЊВАЌЊЌЉ͵ЉЊЎЉ͵ЌЊВЌ͵ЊЌ ЊВАЍВЊ͵АЋВЉ͵ЏЊАЊ͵ЏЋ ЊВАЎАЌ͵ЌЌЏЉ͵АЏЏЊ͵ЌЊ ЊВАЏЊЍЉ͵ЉЊЋЉ͵ЋЎЎЌ͵ВЋ ЊВААЊЌЉ͵ЉЊЎЉ͵ЌЊВЌ͵ЊЌ ЊВАБЊЍЏ͵ЉБЉ͵ЊАЉЎ͵ББ ЊВАВЊЍА͵ЉАЉ͵ЊЍВЏ͵АЊ ЊВБЉЊЋА͵ЉЊАЉ͵ЌЏЋЋ͵АЏ ЊВБЋЊЎЊ͵ЉЏЉ͵ЊЋБА͵БЌ ЊВБЍЋВЏ͵ЉЊЉ͵ЉЋЊЍА͵ЉЉ ЊВБЎЊЎБ͵ЉЍЉ͵ЉБЎЊЊ͵АЎ ЊВБЏЊЌЊ͵ЉЊЍЉ͵ЋВБЌ͵ЌЏ ЊВБАЏЍ͵ЏЌБЉ͵БЉВЊ͵ЋЍ ЊВББЍЋ͵ЍЍЍЉ͵ВЌЏЊ͵ЉА ЊВБВЋЏ͵ЊЍЏЉ͵ВАВЊ͵ЉЋ ЊВВЉЊЉЋ͵ЉЋЏЉ͵ЎЎЌЊ͵БЊ ЊВВЊЏЊ͵БЌВЉ͵БЌЉЊ͵ЋЊ ЊВВЋЊЎЋ͵ЉЎЉ͵ЊЉЏВ͵ЍЉ ЊВВЌЊЏЎ͵ЉЌЉ͵ЉЏЍЊЎ͵ЏА ЊВВЎЊЉЌ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЎЌЋЊ͵ББ ЊВВЏББ͵БЌЋЉ͵ЏБЊЊ͵ЍА ЊВВАЊЋЋ͵ЉЊБЉ͵ЌБЌЋ͵ЏЊ ЊВВБВЊ͵ЊЌЉЉ͵ЏЌБЊ͵ЎА ЊВВВЏЉ͵ЍЍЉЉ͵БЎЊЊ͵ЊБ ЋЉЉЉАЌ͵ЌЌЏЉ͵АЏЏЊ͵ЌЊ ЋЉЉЋЏЉ͵ЌЍЊЉ͵БАЋЊ͵ЊЎ ЋЉЉЍЊЍЍ͵ЉЊЉЉ͵ЋЊЌЍ͵АЉ ЋЉЉЎББ͵ЊЌЌЉ͵АЉЋЊ͵ЍЋ ЋЉЉЏЊЉЏ͵ЉЋЍЉ͵ЎЊЊЊ͵ВЏ ЋЉЉААА͵АЌЎЉ͵АЍЎЊ͵ЌЍ ЋЉЊЉЊЉВ͵ЉЋЊЉ͵ЍЍАЋ͵ЋЍ ЋЉЊЊЊАЉ͵ЉЋЉ͵ЉЍЌЋЌ͵ЎЉ ЋЉЊЋЍА͵ЏЍЌЉ͵ВЊЎЊ͵ЉВ ЋЉЊЌЊЉВ͵ЉЋЊЉ͵ЍЍАЋ͵ЋЍ ЋЉЊЍВЌ͵ВЋАЉ͵ЎАЍЊ͵АЍ ЋЉЊЎЍЉ͵БЍЎЉ͵ВЎАЊ͵ЉЍ ЋЉЊЏЊЉБ͵ЉЋЌЉ͵ЍБВЋ͵ЉЍ ЋЉЊАБЊ͵ВЌЍЉ͵АЋЌЊ͵ЌБ ĭƚǒƓƷЍЏ ЌЎЉ͵Љ ЌЉЉ͵Љ ЋЎЉ͵Љ ЋЉЉ͵Љ Ǥ ў ЍБ͵БЍЌƌƓΛǣΜ њ ЏЊ͵ЏЍА wЕ ў Љ͵БАЏЎ ЊЎЉ͵Љ ЊЉЉ͵Љ ЎЉ͵Љ Љ͵Љ Њ͵ЉЉЊЉ͵ЉЉЊЉЉ͵ЉЉ EPA STORM WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL - VERSION 5.1 (Build 5.1.012) -------------------------------------------------------------- WARNING 02: maximum depth increased for Node J10 WARNING 02: maximum depth increased for Node J13 WARNING 02: maximum depth increased for Node J2 WARNING 02: maximum depth increased for Node J3 ************* Element Count ************* Number of rain gages ...... 1 Number of subcatchments ... 8 Number of nodes ........... 8 Number of links ........... 7 Number of pollutants ...... 0 Number of land uses ....... 0 **************** Raingage Summary **************** Data Recording Name Data Source Type Interval ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) INTENSITY 60 min. ******************** Subcatchment Summary ******************** Name Area Width %Imperv %Slope Rain Gage Outlet ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S1 4958.96 3525.80 3.00 2.2540 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) J2 S2 5663.82 4331.59 3.00 1.3120 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) J4 S3 3903.81 2765.85 3.00 1.7130 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) J2 S4 3037.91 5423.06 3.00 0.9220 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) J8 S5 7191.59 6432.97 3.00 1.5110 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) J13 S6 4428.33 6796.52 3.00 1.7180 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) J10 S7 2901.84 4699.14 3.00 1.6900 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) J12 S8 10994.54 8901.38 3.00 3.6900 48Hr_Hurricane_Hazel_(271-450) J3 ************ Node Summary ************ Invert Max. Ponded External Name Type Elev. Depth Area Inflow ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- J10 JUNCTION 199.84 12.38 0.0 J12 JUNCTION 194.59 15.41 0.0 J13 JUNCTION 202.90 10.38 0.0 J2 JUNCTION 217.92 10.38 0.0 J3 JUNCTION 185.00 13.13 0.0 J4 JUNCTION 229.12 5.88 0.0 J8 JUNCTION 227.30 7.70 0.0 J1 OUTFALL 175.00 13.13 0.0 ************ Link Summary ************ Name From Node To Node Type Length %Slope Roughness --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C1_2 J12 J3 CONDUIT 8261.9 0.1161 0.0400 C1_3 J3 J1 CONDUIT 9396.0 0.1064 0.0400 C2 J10 J12 CONDUIT 1891.3 0.2773 0.0400 C3 J13 J10 CONDUIT 1794.6 0.1705 0.0400 C4 J2 J13 CONDUIT 5432.6 0.2767 0.0400 C5 J8 J13 CONDUIT 19726.9 0.1237 0.0400 C6 J4 J8 CONDUIT 2455.4 0.0742 0.0400 ********************* Cross Section Summary ********************* Full Full Hyd. Max. No. of Full Conduit Shape Depth Area Rad. Width Barrels Flow --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C1_2 T-C1_2 5.67 412.30 2.78 119.00 1 695.22 C1_3 T-C1_3 13.13 1446.26 4.93 185.00 1 3416.73 C2 T-C2 12.38 2634.62 7.78 320.00 1 13618.39 C3 T-C3 9.70 1231.32 3.27 211.00 1 2800.56 C4 T-C4 10.38 1752.88 3.52 299.00 1 5333.99 C5 T-C5 2.76 168.92 1.22 115.00 1 169.88 C6 T-C6 1.88 266.01 0.68 344.00 1 140.77 **************** Transect Summary **************** Transect Generic Area: 0.0032 0.0071 0.0117 0.0169 0.0229 0.0295 0.0368 0.0448 0.0535 0.0629 0.0729 0.0837 0.0951 0.1072 0.1200 0.1335 0.1477 0.1625 0.1781 0.1943 0.2112 0.2288 0.2471 0.2661 0.2857 0.3061 0.3271 0.3488 0.3712 0.3943 0.4181 0.4425 0.4677 0.4935 0.5200 0.5472 0.5751 0.6037 0.6329 0.6629 0.6935 0.7248 0.7568 0.7895 0.8229 0.8569 0.8917 0.9271 0.9632 1.0000 Hrad: 0.0349 0.0642 0.0905 0.1147 0.1377 0.1598 0.1813 0.2022 0.2228 0.2431 0.2631 0.2829 0.3026 0.3222 0.3416 0.3609 0.3802 0.3994 0.4185 0.4376 0.4567 0.4756 0.4946 0.5135 0.5324 0.5513 0.5701 0.5890 0.6078 0.6265 0.6453 0.6641 0.6828 0.7015 0.7202 0.7389 0.7576 0.7763 0.7950 0.8137 0.8323 0.8510 0.8696 0.8883 0.9069 0.9255 0.9442 0.9628 0.9814 1.0000 Width: 0.0954 0.1138 0.1323 0.1508 0.1692 0.1877 0.2062 0.2246 0.2431 0.2615 0.2800 0.2985 0.3169 0.3354 0.3538 0.3723 0.3908 0.4092 0.4277 0.4462 0.4646 0.4831 0.5015 0.5200 0.5385 0.5569 0.5754 0.5938 0.6123 0.6308 0.6492 0.6677 0.6862 0.7046 0.7231 0.7415 0.7600 0.7785 0.7969 0.8154 0.8338 0.8523 0.8708 0.8892 0.9077 0.9262 0.9446 0.9631 0.9815 1.0000 Transect T-C1_2 Area: 0.0002 0.0019 0.0039 0.0062 0.0107 0.0184 0.0264 0.0347 0.0438 0.0532 0.0631 0.0742 0.0859 0.0982 0.1129 0.1281 0.1444 0.1619 0.1800 0.1993 0.2192 0.2402 0.2630 0.2859 0.3089 0.3318 0.3549 0.3780 0.4015 0.4257 0.4505 0.4765 0.5027 0.5289 0.5552 0.5814 0.6078 0.6351 0.6641 0.6932 0.7225 0.7521 0.7822 0.8124 0.8434 0.8746 0.9058 0.9370 0.9683 1.0000 Hrad: 0.0197 0.0416 0.0763 0.0653 0.0597 0.0939 0.1303 0.1621 0.1877 0.2221 0.2341 0.2594 0.2901 0.3126 0.3422 0.3669 0.3954 0.4213 0.4457 0.4677 0.4899 0.5081 0.5246 0.5435 0.5635 0.5844 0.6058 0.6273 0.6463 0.6650 0.6841 0.6985 0.7180 0.7379 0.7581 0.7787 0.7994 0.8043 0.8218 0.8396 0.8575 0.8719 0.8897 0.9035 0.9198 0.9377 0.9557 0.9740 0.9918 1.0000 Width: 0.0100 0.0570 0.0620 0.1164 0.2213 0.2407 0.2485 0.2629 0.2859 0.2938 0.3307 0.3509 0.3628 0.4362 0.4537 0.4676 0.5316 0.5361 0.5678 0.6072 0.6115 0.6721 0.6990 0.7006 0.7022 0.7039 0.7055 0.7103 0.7331 0.7515 0.7638 0.7995 0.8008 0.8021 0.8034 0.8047 0.8060 0.8839 0.8883 0.8925 0.8968 0.9175 0.9210 0.9427 0.9510 0.9529 0.9548 0.9567 0.9604 1.0000 Transect T-C1_3 Area: 0.0011 0.0028 0.0077 0.0129 0.0183 0.0244 0.0326 0.0436 0.0549 0.0670 0.0811 0.0977 0.1146 0.1317 0.1488 0.1660 0.1832 0.2005 0.2179 0.2355 0.2534 0.2718 0.2909 0.3120 0.3345 0.3571 0.3798 0.4026 0.4255 0.4484 0.4714 0.4944 0.5175 0.5408 0.5648 0.5899 0.6164 0.6441 0.6723 0.7007 0.7292 0.7578 0.7865 0.8152 0.8440 0.8729 0.9035 0.9348 0.9669 1.0000 Hrad: 0.0426 0.0393 0.0798 0.1282 0.1604 0.2044 0.2253 0.2425 0.2655 0.2754 0.2980 0.3145 0.3341 0.3564 0.3803 0.4053 0.4310 0.4567 0.4825 0.5086 0.5295 0.5542 0.5743 0.5780 0.5970 0.6168 0.6372 0.6580 0.6792 0.7009 0.7228 0.7449 0.7654 0.7867 0.7992 0.8046 0.8179 0.8277 0.8430 0.8611 0.8795 0.8982 0.9170 0.9362 0.9554 0.9716 0.9708 0.9858 0.9950 1.0000 Width: 0.0409 0.1109 0.1512 0.1565 0.1774 0.1851 0.3147 0.3337 0.3395 0.3989 0.4925 0.4961 0.5084 0.5096 0.5107 0.5119 0.5131 0.5167 0.5206 0.5236 0.5464 0.5507 0.5711 0.6664 0.6712 0.6747 0.6774 0.6799 0.6817 0.6830 0.6843 0.6856 0.6924 0.6965 0.7252 0.7757 0.7988 0.8322 0.8446 0.8473 0.8498 0.8521 0.8544 0.8563 0.8582 0.8684 0.9236 0.9344 0.9611 1.0000 Transect T-C2 Area: 0.0008 0.0047 0.0116 0.0212 0.0341 0.0491 0.0644 0.0798 0.0952 0.1108 0.1266 0.1423 0.1581 0.1738 0.1903 0.2071 0.2263 0.2456 0.2650 0.2845 0.3039 0.3236 0.3435 0.3634 0.3833 0.4032 0.4234 0.4437 0.4654 0.4878 0.5108 0.5338 0.5568 0.5803 0.6040 0.6276 0.6514 0.6758 0.7001 0.7250 0.7512 0.7782 0.8053 0.8324 0.8595 0.8867 0.9141 0.9423 0.9709 1.0000 Hrad: 0.0126 0.0319 0.0470 0.0576 0.0761 0.1009 0.1320 0.1630 0.1937 0.2212 0.2521 0.2828 0.3134 0.3439 0.3724 0.3999 0.4215 0.4436 0.4662 0.4891 0.5123 0.5344 0.5572 0.5801 0.6030 0.6250 0.6474 0.6699 0.6831 0.7005 0.7190 0.7377 0.7566 0.7726 0.7909 0.8093 0.8245 0.8422 0.8600 0.8731 0.8827 0.8956 0.9108 0.9261 0.9417 0.9573 0.9672 0.9819 0.9924 1.0000 Width: 0.0696 0.1545 0.2599 0.3878 0.4708 0.5103 0.5110 0.5117 0.5124 0.5224 0.5230 0.5236 0.5242 0.5248 0.5601 0.5625 0.6443 0.6449 0.6455 0.6461 0.6467 0.6599 0.6605 0.6612 0.6619 0.6719 0.6733 0.6747 0.7420 0.7626 0.7636 0.7646 0.7702 0.7852 0.7860 0.7868 0.8096 0.8106 0.8117 0.8677 0.8842 0.9004 0.9010 0.9016 0.9022 0.9027 0.9350 0.9368 0.9609 1.0000 Transect T-C3 Area: 0.0001 0.0002 0.0005 0.0009 0.0027 0.0078 0.0145 0.0212 0.0280 0.0349 0.0437 0.0557 0.0677 0.0797 0.0918 0.1040 0.1170 0.1322 0.1497 0.1684 0.1876 0.2072 0.2269 0.2466 0.2665 0.2869 0.3107 0.3361 0.3620 0.3883 0.4148 0.4414 0.4684 0.4963 0.5262 0.5561 0.5859 0.6158 0.6458 0.6768 0.7083 0.7399 0.7715 0.8032 0.8351 0.8675 0.9005 0.9336 0.9668 1.0000 Hrad: 0.0256 0.0512 0.0768 0.1024 0.0346 0.0691 0.1256 0.1810 0.2354 0.2888 0.3234 0.3390 0.3635 0.3913 0.4211 0.4523 0.4815 0.5025 0.5149 0.5261 0.5407 0.5564 0.5760 0.5970 0.6181 0.6385 0.6348 0.6484 0.6535 0.6697 0.6871 0.7053 0.7187 0.7063 0.7246 0.7437 0.7634 0.7836 0.8042 0.8080 0.8280 0.8483 0.8690 0.8899 0.9039 0.9239 0.9373 0.9581 0.9790 1.0000 Width: 0.0033 0.0067 0.0100 0.0133 0.1356 0.1983 0.2011 0.2040 0.2069 0.2097 0.3589 0.3601 0.3613 0.3630 0.3651 0.3671 0.4456 0.4724 0.5603 0.5690 0.5831 0.5909 0.5937 0.5964 0.6051 0.6414 0.7615 0.7667 0.7927 0.7950 0.7973 0.8019 0.8173 0.8974 0.8980 0.8986 0.8991 0.8997 0.9003 0.9485 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9720 0.9756 0.9963 0.9975 0.9988 1.0000 Transect T-C4 Area: 0.0018 0.0049 0.0084 0.0120 0.0156 0.0194 0.0236 0.0291 0.0354 0.0424 0.0518 0.0627 0.0738 0.0853 0.0980 0.1113 0.1275 0.1444 0.1620 0.1807 0.2010 0.2221 0.2432 0.2643 0.2860 0.3080 0.3301 0.3526 0.3768 0.4013 0.4260 0.4508 0.4758 0.5017 0.5284 0.5564 0.5847 0.6131 0.6420 0.6721 0.7027 0.7334 0.7643 0.7957 0.8274 0.8596 0.8944 0.9295 0.9647 1.0000 Hrad: 0.0413 0.0810 0.1369 0.1914 0.2446 0.2918 0.2945 0.2806 0.3172 0.3498 0.3811 0.4047 0.4331 0.4597 0.4836 0.5048 0.5160 0.5256 0.5393 0.5535 0.5491 0.5647 0.5826 0.6020 0.6172 0.6368 0.6578 0.6681 0.6804 0.7003 0.7199 0.7404 0.7614 0.7682 0.7881 0.7940 0.8135 0.8318 0.8389 0.8563 0.8720 0.8899 0.9083 0.9225 0.9404 0.9554 0.9480 0.9649 0.9827 1.0000 Width: 0.0717 0.0988 0.1004 0.1020 0.1036 0.1073 0.1300 0.1685 0.1811 0.2070 0.2945 0.3115 0.3149 0.3484 0.3626 0.4247 0.4675 0.4840 0.5034 0.5345 0.5923 0.5945 0.5965 0.5983 0.6176 0.6226 0.6253 0.6637 0.6930 0.6944 0.6993 0.7023 0.7080 0.7486 0.7762 0.7972 0.7987 0.8048 0.8502 0.8527 0.8646 0.8704 0.8753 0.8919 0.8978 0.9700 0.9877 0.9924 0.9952 1.0000 Transect T-C5 Area: 0.0019 0.0046 0.0078 0.0135 0.0207 0.0285 0.0370 0.0459 0.0550 0.0645 0.0742 0.0840 0.0939 0.1040 0.1141 0.1244 0.1348 0.1455 0.1563 0.1676 0.1814 0.1959 0.2123 0.2292 0.2477 0.2674 0.2878 0.3095 0.3329 0.3580 0.3853 0.4130 0.4412 0.4702 0.4999 0.5298 0.5602 0.5916 0.6232 0.6550 0.6872 0.7201 0.7534 0.7868 0.8203 0.8548 0.8902 0.9265 0.9631 1.0000 Hrad: 0.0395 0.0657 0.0935 0.0902 0.1235 0.1521 0.1910 0.2279 0.2620 0.3010 0.3404 0.3794 0.4191 0.4584 0.4973 0.5356 0.5681 0.6020 0.6395 0.6584 0.6848 0.7102 0.7320 0.7536 0.7677 0.7821 0.7942 0.8058 0.8113 0.8162 0.8193 0.8247 0.8315 0.8378 0.8460 0.8545 0.8620 0.8696 0.8804 0.8917 0.9026 0.9120 0.9249 0.9388 0.9533 0.9565 0.9648 0.9777 0.9909 1.0000 Width: 0.0573 0.0832 0.0997 0.1785 0.2001 0.2235 0.2311 0.2397 0.2501 0.2552 0.2592 0.2632 0.2662 0.2693 0.2723 0.2755 0.2814 0.2865 0.2896 0.3485 0.3745 0.4240 0.4467 0.4547 0.5209 0.5293 0.5696 0.5868 0.6531 0.7120 0.7351 0.7449 0.7585 0.7864 0.7938 0.8039 0.8220 0.8394 0.8459 0.8535 0.8649 0.8831 0.8884 0.8919 0.8954 0.9403 0.9656 0.9713 0.9775 1.0000 Transect T-C6 Area: 0.0002 0.0007 0.0016 0.0029 0.0046 0.0074 0.0119 0.0166 0.0239 0.0320 0.0405 0.0495 0.0589 0.0684 0.0783 0.0885 0.0988 0.1094 0.1207 0.1336 0.1475 0.1617 0.1761 0.1918 0.2082 0.2260 0.2463 0.2672 0.2885 0.3102 0.3330 0.3567 0.3812 0.4071 0.4347 0.4632 0.4925 0.5221 0.5536 0.5869 0.6221 0.6580 0.6947 0.7325 0.7723 0.8164 0.8616 0.9070 0.9532 1.0000 Hrad: 0.0274 0.0547 0.0821 0.1095 0.0973 0.0901 0.1427 0.1929 0.1686 0.2075 0.2597 0.2897 0.3404 0.3905 0.4202 0.4718 0.5209 0.5613 0.6081 0.6471 0.6830 0.7192 0.7537 0.7823 0.8109 0.8308 0.8411 0.8569 0.8730 0.8907 0.9020 0.9169 0.9293 0.9374 0.9448 0.9518 0.9639 0.9775 0.9761 0.9732 0.9797 0.9900 0.9934 0.9948 0.9896 0.9828 0.9883 0.9971 1.0001 1.0000 Width: 0.0073 0.0146 0.0220 0.0293 0.0536 0.0923 0.0940 0.1340 0.1597 0.1733 0.1752 0.1920 0.1945 0.1969 0.2094 0.2108 0.2132 0.2190 0.2340 0.2811 0.2895 0.2916 0.3143 0.3347 0.3388 0.3791 0.4247 0.4313 0.4435 0.4506 0.4847 0.4962 0.5182 0.5461 0.5749 0.6006 0.6051 0.6094 0.6595 0.7197 0.7349 0.7380 0.7645 0.8012 0.8636 0.9199 0.9295 0.9323 0.9586 1.0000 ********************************************************* NOTE: The summary statistics displayed in this report are based on results found at every computational time step, not just on results from each reporting time step. ********************************************************* **************** Analysis Options **************** Flow Units ............... CMS Process Models: Rainfall/Runoff ........ YES RDII ................... NO Snowmelt ............... NO Groundwater ............ NO Flow Routing ........... YES Ponding Allowed ........ NO Water Quality .......... NO Infiltration Method ...... GREEN_AMPT Flow Routing Method ...... DYNWAVE Starting Date ............ 03/08/2019 00:00:00 Ending Date .............. 03/10/2019 12:00:00 Antecedent Dry Days ...... 0.0 Report Time Step ......... 00:01:00 Wet Time Step ............ 00:05:00 Dry Time Step ............ 00:05:00 Routing Time Step ........ 5.00 sec Variable Time Step ....... YES Maximum Trials ........... 8 Number of Threads ........ 1 Head Tolerance ........... 0.001500 m ************************** Volume Depth Runoff Quantity Continuity hectare-m mm ************************** --------- ------- Total Precipitation ...... 10899.525 253.002 Evaporation Loss ......... 0.000 0.000 Infiltration Loss ........ 5151.154 119.570 Surface Runoff ........... 3301.871 76.644 Final Storage ............ 2446.326 56.785 Continuity Error (%) ..... 0.002 ************************** Volume Volume Flow Routing Continuity hectare-m 10^6 ltr ************************** --------- --------- Dry Weather Inflow ....... 0.000 0.000 Wet Weather Inflow ....... 3298.563 32985.969 Groundwater Inflow ....... 0.000 0.000 RDII Inflow .............. 0.000 0.000 External Inflow .......... 0.000 0.000 External Outflow ......... 2187.644 21876.673 Flooding Loss ............ 0.000 0.000 Evaporation Loss ......... 0.000 0.000 Exfiltration Loss ........ 0.000 0.000 Initial Stored Volume .... 0.001 0.006 Final Stored Volume ...... 1001.036 10010.462 Continuity Error (%) ..... 3.331 ************************* Highest Continuity Errors ************************* Node J13 (25.97%) Node J8 (22.50%) Node J3 (13.67%) Node J12 (7.10%) Node J10 (1.31%) *************************** Time-Step Critical Elements *************************** None ******************************** Highest Flow Instability Indexes ******************************** All links are stable. ************************* Routing Time Step Summary ************************* Minimum Time Step : 4.50 sec Average Time Step : 5.00 sec Maximum Time Step : 5.00 sec Percent in Steady State : 0.00 Average Iterations per Step : 2.00 Percent Not Converging : 0.00 *************************** Subcatchment Runoff Summary *************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Total Total Total Total Total Peak Runoff Precip Runon Evap Infil Runoff Runoff Runoff Coeff Subcatchment mm mm mm mm mm 10^6 ltr CMS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S1 253.00 0.00 0.00 78.76 90.40 4482.97 121.18 0.357 S2 253.00 0.00 0.00 78.90 81.35 4607.62 119.87 0.322 S3 253.00 0.00 0.00 78.86 83.93 3276.54 86.14 0.332 S4 253.00 0.00 0.00 151.68 68.26 2073.56 74.76 0.270 S5 253.00 0.00 0.00 151.68 55.00 3955.17 127.97 0.217 S6 253.00 0.00 0.00 78.25 119.29 5282.43 166.47 0.471 S7 253.00 0.00 0.00 151.68 74.37 2158.15 82.53 0.294 S8 253.00 0.00 0.00 151.68 65.33 7182.46 252.29 0.258 ****************** Node Depth Summary ****************** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Average Maximum Maximum Time of Max Reported Depth Depth HGL Occurrence Max Depth Node Type Meters Meters Meters days hr:min Meters --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- J10 JUNCTION 0.73 2.14 201.97 2 04:14 2.14 J12 JUNCTION 1.39 4.54 199.13 2 04:17 4.54 J13 JUNCTION 1.61 4.89 207.79 2 05:45 4.89 J2 JUNCTION 0.76 2.57 220.49 2 01:01 2.57 J3 JUNCTION 2.09 6.99 191.99 2 04:45 6.99 J4 JUNCTION 0.67 1.72 230.84 2 01:07 1.72 J8 JUNCTION 0.72 2.38 229.68 2 04:35 2.38 J1 OUTFALL 0.88 3.16 178.16 2 04:45 3.16 ******************* Node Inflow Summary ******************* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maximum Maximum Lateral Total Flow Lateral Total Time of Max Inflow Inflow Balance Inflow Inflow Occurrence Volume Volume Error Node Type CMS CMS days hr:min 10^6 ltr 10^6 ltr Percent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- J10 JUNCTION 166.474 392.636 2 04:06 5.28e+003 1.76e+004 1.324 J12 JUNCTION 82.532 434.651 2 03:22 2.16e+003 1.96e+004 7.643 J13 JUNCTION 127.975 403.659 2 01:00 3.95e+003 1.67e+004 35.075 J2 JUNCTION 207.323 207.323 2 00:00 7.75e+003 7.75e+003 1.628 J3 JUNCTION 252.290 592.539 2 02:04 7.18e+003 2.53e+004 15.836 J4 JUNCTION 119.875 119.875 2 00:00 4.6e+003 4.6e+003 2.008 J8 JUNCTION 74.762 181.610 2 01:00 2.07e+003 6.58e+003 29.029 J1 OUTFALL 0.000 551.156 2 04:45 0 2.19e+004 0.000 ********************** Node Surcharge Summary ********************** No nodes were surcharged. ********************* Node Flooding Summary ********************* No nodes were flooded. *********************** Outfall Loading Summary Outfall Loading Summary Outfall Loading Summary Outfall Loading Summary *********************** ----------------------------------------------------------- Flow Avg Max Total Flow Avg Max Total Freq Flow Flow Volume Freq Flow Flow Volume Outfall Node Pcnt CMS CMS 10^6 ltr Outfall Node Pcnt CMS CMS 10^6 ltr ----------------------------------------------------------- J1 97.82 103.547 551.156 21876.573 J1 97.82 103.547 551.156 21876.573 ----------------------------------------------------------- System 97.82 103.547 551.156 21876.573 ******************** Link Flow Summary ******************** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maximum Time of Max Maximum Max/ Max/ |Flow| Occurrence |Veloc| Full Full Link Type CMS days hr:min m/sec Flow Depth ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- C1_2 CHANNEL 430.764 2 04:17 3.88 0.62 0.90 C1_3 CHANNEL 551.156 2 04:45 1.71 0.16 0.39 C2 CHANNEL 392.528 2 04:15 >50.00 0.03 0.27 C3 CHANNEL 308.965 2 05:27 1.88 0.11 0.36 C4 CHANNEL 198.162 2 01:01 1.21 0.04 0.34 C5 CHANNEL 122.552 2 04:35 0.83 0.72 0.93 C6 CHANNEL 111.731 2 01:07 0.52 0.79 0.96 *************************** Flow Classification Summary *************************** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted ---------- Fraction of Time in Flow Class ---------- /Actual Up Down Sub Sup Up Down Norm Inlet Conduit Length Dry Dry Dry Crit Crit Crit Crit Ltd Ctrl ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C1_2 1.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 C1_3 1.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C2 1.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 C3 1.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 C4 1.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.00 C5 1.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.00 C6 1.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 ************************* Conduit Surcharge Summary ************************* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hours Hours --------- Hours Full -------- Above Full Capacity Conduit Both Ends Upstream Dnstream Normal Flow Limited ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- C1_2 0.01 0.01 11.20 0.01 0.01 C5 0.01 0.01 13.23 0.01 0.01 C6 0.01 0.01 11.53 0.01 0.01 Analysis begun on: Mon Mar 11 11:34:32 2019 Analysis ended on: Mon Mar 11 11:34:34 2019 Total elapsed time: 00:00:02 10168.7216.7-- 25213.5272.4-- 50247.7314.5 100281.8356.6-- Regional----551.2 Therefore, the design flows for this structure will be: Q= 10 Q= 25 Q= 50 Q= 100 Q= REGIONAL K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY ЊАБ͵ЌЉЊА͵АЏЊЌ͵ЉЏЊ͵ЌЏЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵АЉЊ ЊАБ͵ЉЉЊЍ͵АЋЊЋ͵ЍЌЊ͵ЊБЍЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЎЎЊ ЊАА͵ЎЉВ͵АЎЊЊ͵ЌАЉ͵БЎАЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЋЎЉ ЊАА͵ЉЉЍ͵ВЍЊЉ͵ЋБЉ͵ЍБЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵БЍВ ЊАЏ͵ЎЉЊ͵ЊЌЎ͵ЎЋЉ͵ЋЉЍЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЍБЉ ЊАЏ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЎ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЎ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЍ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЍ͵ЌЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАБ͵ЌЉЊЏВ͵ЎЍЎЉ͵ЎЏЌ͵ЌЎЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЎЎ͵ЋЌЏ ЊАБ͵ЉЉЊЎЎ͵АЎЍВ͵ВЏЌ͵ЊЊБЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЎЎ͵ЉЌЉ ЊАА͵ЎЉЊЌЋ͵БЉЍБ͵ВЎЋ͵АЊЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЍЍ͵ЏЎЊ ЊАА͵ЉЉЊЉВ͵ВЉЍА͵ВЎЋ͵ЋВЋЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЍЍ͵ЋЋЊ ЊАЏ͵ЎЉБА͵ЉЎЍЏ͵ВЍЊ͵БЎЍЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЍЌ͵АЋЎ ЊАЏ͵ЉЉЏЍ͵БЎЍЌ͵ЋЏЊ͵ЍВВЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЌЌ͵ЍЏЌ ЊАЎ͵ЎЉЍЍ͵ЋАЍЉ͵ЎБЊ͵ЉВЊЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЋЋ͵ВБЊ ЊАЎ͵ЉЉЋЍ͵ВЍЌА͵ЏЌЉ͵ЏЏЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЊЋ͵ЌЋЏ ЊАЍ͵ЎЉЏ͵ВЌЌЎ͵ЊЍЉ͵ЊВАЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЉЊ͵ЊЌЍ ЊАЍ͵ЌЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАБ͵ЌЉЊЍ͵ЎЊЊЌ͵ЊЌЊ͵ЊЉЎЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЍБЊ ЊАБ͵ЉЉЊЊ͵ЋБЊЋ͵ЎЌЉ͵ВЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЋВЋ ЊАА͵ЎЉЏ͵ЉЊЊЉ͵ББЉ͵ЎЎЋЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ВЌЋ ЊАА͵ЉЉЋ͵ЉЎЏ͵ЍБЉ͵ЌЊАЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЏЍЍ ЊАЏ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЎЋ͵ЊЌЉ͵ЉЋЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЊЊЋ ЊАЏ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЎ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЎ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЍ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЍ͵ЌЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАБ͵ЌЉЌЉ͵ЋББА͵АЋЊ͵Ў ЊАБ͵ЉЉ ЋЋ͵БАБЌ͵ЍЊЍ͵Џ ЊАА͵ЎЉЊЋ͵ЋЏЊА͵АЎ͵Џ ЊАА͵ЉЉ Ѝ͵ЋЍЏЌ͵ВЊ͵Ќ ЊАЏ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЎЌЋЍ͵ЌЉ͵Љ ЊАЏ͵ЉЉ Љ͵ЉЋЋЍ͵ЎЉ͵Љ 178.50 178.00 177.50 177.25 177.00 176.60 176.45 176.50 176.25 175.95 176.00 175.50 Q QQ Q Q REGIONAL 10 25 100 50 = 216.7m= = 314.5m = 356.6m 272.4m =551.2 m 175.00 33 3 /s/s 3 /s /s 3 /s 174.50 174.00 0.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.0900.01000.0 wĻŭźƚƓğƌЎЎЊ͵ЋЊАА͵ЋЎ ЊЉЉ ĻğƩЌЎЏ͵ЏЊАЏ͵ЏЉ ЎЉ ĻğƩЌЊЍ͵ЎЊАЏ͵ЍЎ ЋЎ ĻğƩЋАЋ͵ЍЊАЏ͵ЋЎ ЊЉ ĻğƩЋЊЏ͵АЊАЎ͵ВЎ K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY ЊАБ͵ЌЉЌЉ͵ЌЏЋЉ͵ЎАЊ͵ЍАЏЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵АВЏ ЊАБ͵ЉЉЋЎ͵ЍЊЊВ͵ВАЊ͵ЋАЋЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЏЋА ЊАА͵ЎЉЊА͵ЊЏЊБ͵ВАЉ͵ВЉЎЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЋВЏ ЊАА͵ЉЉБ͵ВЊЊА͵ВАЉ͵ЍВЏЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵БЏБ ЊАЏ͵ЎЉЋ͵ЍЎВ͵АЉЉ͵ЋЎЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЎЎЍ ЊАЏ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЊЍЊ͵ЋЌЉ͵ЊЊЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЌЋЌ ЊАЎ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЎ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЍ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЍ͵ЌЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАБ͵ЌЉЊЎЎ͵ВЍЍЏ͵ЉЌЌ͵ЌББЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЍЎ͵ЏЎЍ ЊАБ͵ЉЉЊЍЌ͵ВЍЍЎ͵ЍЌЌ͵ЊЏБЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЍЎ͵ЍЏЏ ЊАА͵ЎЉЊЋЌ͵ВЍЍЍ͵ЍЌЋ͵АБВЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЌЎ͵ЊЊЏ ЊАА͵ЉЉЊЉЌ͵ВЍЍЌ͵ЍЌЋ͵ЌВЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЌЍ͵АЊЌ ЊАЏ͵ЎЉБЌ͵ВЍЍЋ͵ЍЌЊ͵ВАБЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЌЍ͵ЋЍЊ ЊАЏ͵ЉЉЏЌ͵ВЍЍЊ͵ЍЌЊ͵ЎЍЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЌЌ͵ЏАБ ЊАЎ͵ЎЉЍЌ͵ВВЍЉ͵ЉЍЊ͵ЉВВЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЋЌ͵ЉЌА ЊАЎ͵ЉЉЋЍ͵АЍЌА͵ЍВЉ͵ЏЏЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЊЋ͵ЌЌЉ ЊАЍ͵ЎЉЏ͵БЉЌЍ͵ЏЊЉ͵ЊВЏЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЉЊ͵ЊЊЎ ЊАЍ͵ЌЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЊЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАБ͵ЌЉЋЍ͵ВАЊВ͵ВЉЊ͵ЋЎЎЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЏЊЋ ЊАБ͵ЉЉЋЉ͵ЉЋЊВ͵ЌЉЊ͵ЉЌАЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЍЋЉ ЊАА͵ЎЉЊЊ͵ААЊБ͵ЌЉЉ͵ЏЍЌЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЊ͵ЉЌЋ ЊАА͵ЉЉЍ͵ЋЋЊЋ͵АЋЉ͵ЌЌЋЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЏЏЎ ЊАЏ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЍВЌ͵БАЉ͵ЊЋЏЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЌЍБ ЊАЏ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЎ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЎ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЍ͵ЎЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАЍ͵ЌЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЉЉ͵ЉЉЊЋЉ͵ЉЋЎЉ͵ЉЉЉ ЊАБ͵ЌЉЎЍ͵ЎББЊ͵АЍЉ͵Ћ ЊАБ͵ЉЉ ЍЊ͵ЌАБЏ͵АЋБ͵Ѝ ЊАА͵ЎЉЋЋ͵ЋЏЌЍ͵ЊЊЋ͵Њ ЊАА͵ЉЉ А͵АЍБВ͵ВЋ͵Б ЊАЏ͵ЎЉЊ͵ЍЌЎЏ͵ЉЉ͵Ћ ЊАЏ͵ЉЉ Љ͵ЉЋЌЎ͵ЋЉ͵Љ 178.50 178.00 177.50 177.15 177.00 176.49 176.50 176.34 176.18 176.00 175.92 175.50 Q QQ Q Q REGIONAL 10 100 25 50 = 216.7m = = 314.5m = 356.6m 272.4m =551.2 m 175.00 3 3 3 /s 3 /s /s /s 3 /s 174.50 174.00 0.0200.0400.0600.0800.01000.01200.0 wĻŭźƚƓğƌЎЎЊ͵ЋЊАА͵ЊЎ ЊЉЉ ĻğƩЌЎЏ͵ЏЊАЏ͵ЍВ ЎЉ ĻğƩЌЊЍ͵ЎЊАЏ͵ЌЍ ЋЎ ĻğƩЋАЋ͵ЍЊАЏ͵ЊБ ЊЉ ĻğƩЋЊЏ͵АЊАЎ͵ВЋ Port Bruce, Ontario K. Smart Associates Ltd. 85 McIntyre Drive Kitchener, Ontario N2R 1H6 Mr. Allan Garnham, P.Eng. G19736 August 21, 2019 August 21, 2019 G19736 K. Smart Associates Ltd. 85 McIntyre Drive Kitchener, Ontario N2R 1H6 Attention: Mr. Allan Garnham, P.Eng. We take pleasure in enclosing one (1) copy of our Geotechnical Investigation Report carried out at the above-referenced Site. Soil samples will be retained for a period of three (3) months and will thereafter be disposed of unless we are otherwise instructed. If you have any questions or clarifications are required, please contact the undersigned at your convenience. We thank you for giving us this opportunity to be of service to you. Yours truly, Eric Y. Chung, M. Eng., P.Eng. Principal Engineer August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page ii Letter of Transmittal i Table of Contents ii List of Enclosures ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 FIELD WORK ...................................................................................................................................... 1 3.0 LABORATORY TESTING ...................................................................................................................... 2 4.0 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................. 2 5.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................... 2 5.1 Topsoil ................................................................................................................................. 3 5.2 Fill ........................................................................................................................................ 3 5.3 Sandy Silt ............................................................................................................................. 3 5.4 Organic Silt .......................................................................................................................... 3 5.5 Sand .................................................................................................................................... 3 5.6 Silt ....................................................................................................................................... 4 5.7 Silty Clay Till ........................................................................................................................ 4 5.8 Sandy Clayey Silt Till ............................................................................................................ 4 5.9 Groundwater ....................................................................................................................... 5 6.0 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................... 6 6.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 6 6.2 Pile Foundation ................................................................................................................... 6 6.2.1 Axial Pile Capacity ................................................................................................... 6 6.2.2 Lateral Resistance for Piles ..................................................................................... 7 6.2.3 Pile Driving .............................................................................................................. 8 6.3 Seismic Considerations ....................................................................................................... 9 6.4 Lateral Earth Pressure ......................................................................................................... 9 6.5 Construction and Groundwater Control ........................................................................... 11 6.6 Shored Excavation............................................................................................................. 12 6.7 Embankment Widening .................................................................................................... 13 7.0 CLOSURE.......................................................................................................................................... 14 Appendix A Limitations of Report Appendix B 2015 National Building Code Seismic Hazard Calculation Enclosures 1 to 2 Borehole Log Sheets 1 and 2 Enclosures 3 to 11 Gran Size Distribution Charts Drawing No. 1 Borehole Location Plan August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 1 CHUNG & VANDER DOELEN ENGINEERING LTD. (CVD) has been retained by K. Smart Associates Limited to carry out a subsurface investigation for the proposed reconstruction of the bridge on Imperial Road over Catfish Creek in Port Bruce, Ontario. It is understood that the previous bridge has partially collapsed in early 2018, and the remainder has been demolished later that year, except for the south abutment. A review of bridge drawings from 1962 indicates that the demolished bridge was a three-span structure, about 75 m long and 13 m wide. Two piers were located on either side of the river channel and founded on concrete-filled tube piles. The abutments located about 11 m from the piers were founded on spread footings. It is our understanding that the replacement bridge will be constructed as a three-span semi-integral abutment bridge with a layout similar to the previous bridge. No detail design drawings of the proposed bridge were available at the time of report preparation. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the subsurface conditions at the site and, based on the findings, make geotechnical recommendations for the design and construction of the foundation elements of the proposed replacement bridge, and possible widening of the approach embankments. In order to investigate the subsurface conditions at the site, two (2) boreholes were advanced to depths between 30.94 and 46.18 m below ground surface between March 26 and 28, 2019. The borehole locations are indicated on the Borehole Location Plan, Drawing No. 1. The field work was carried out under the supervision of a member of our engineering team, who logged the boreholes in the field, effected the subsurface sampling, and monitored the groundwater conditions. The boreholes were advanced using a track-mounted drilling rig, supplied and operated by a specialized contractor. The drill rig was equipped with 108 mm I.D. continuous hollow stem augers, mud rotary tooling and standard soil sampling equipment. Standard penetration tests (SPTs) in accordance with ASTM Specification D1586, were carried out at frequent intervals of depth, and the results are shown on the Borehole Logs as Penetration Resistance or “N”-values. The undrained shear strength of the cohesive soil deposit was determined on the slightly disturbed SPT samples using a field pocket penetrometer. The compactness condition or consistency of the soil strata has been inferred from these test results. The location and ground surface elevation of the boreholes were surveyed by CVD for the purpose of this report. The ground surface elevations were referenced to two temporary benchmarks (TBM) which are shown on Drawing No. 1 and described below: August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 2 TBM 1: Cut cross in concrete curb at the southeast corner of the intersection of Imperial Road and Dexter Line, as shown on Drawing No. 1 Elevation: 178.62 m (geodetic) TBM 2: Cut cross in concrete curb at the southwest corner of the intersection of Imperial Road and Rush Creek Line, as shown on Drawing No. 1 Elevation: 178.73 m (geodetic) Soil samples obtained from the in-situ tests were examined in the field and subsequently brought to our laboratory for visual and tactile examination to confirm field classification. Moisture content determination of all retrieved samples occurred. In addition, nine (9) grain size distribution analyses and three (3) sets of Atterberg Limits were performed on the major soil deposits to confirm field identification and to provide information on the soil properties. The previous bridge was located on Imperial Road over Catfish Creek in Port Bruce, Ontario. The bridge was a three-span structure, about 75 m long and 13 m wide. Two piers were located on either side of the river channel. The river channel is about 35 m wide at the bridge location. The water level in the creek was recorded at 174.58 m on March 2019. The river banks are at elevation between 176.0± and 176.5± m and the ground surface slopes about 3 m upwards on either of the river banks. On the north side, the approach embankment is all that remains from the previous bridge, whereas on the south side the concrete abutment still stands. The detailed subsurface conditions encountered in the two (2) boreholes advanced as part of this investigation are shown on the Borehole Log Sheets, Enclosures 1 and 2, inclusive. The following sections provide descriptions of the major soil deposits encountered in the boreholes. Stratigraphic boundaries shown on the borehole logs are inferred from non-continuous sampling conducted during advancement of the borehole drilling procedures and, therefore, represent transitions between soil types rather than exact planes of geologic change. The subsurface conditions may vary between and beyond the borehole locations. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 3 In general, the surficial topsoil and fill were underlain by a deposit of very loose to loose sandy silt which on the north side was followed by very loose organic silt and loose to compact sand to silt. These fine granular deposits were in turn underlain by a major deposit of stiff to hard silty clay till followed by a hard sandy clayey silt till. Topsoil was encountered at ground surface in Borehole 1, with a measured thickness of 450 mm. A layer of fill was encountered at ground surface in Borehole 2 to and extended to a depth of approximately 0.76 m. A deposit of sandy silt was encountered below the topsoil and fill materials in Boreholes 1 and 2. The sandy silt extended to respective depths of 4.42 and 2.90 m below ground surface. In Borehole 1, the sandy silt contained rootlets, peat seams, and sand seams in the upper 3 m below ground surface. Results of one (1) grain size distribution analysis from Borehole 1 are shown graphically on Enclosure 3. The SPT “N”-values measured within the sandy silt ranged from 1 to 8 blows per 300 mm of penetration, indicating a very loose to loose compactness condition. The measured water content of the samples ranged between 21 and 29%, thus indicating a wet to saturated moisture condition. A deposit of organic silt was encountered below the sandy silt in Borehole 2 and extended to a depth of 4.42 m. The organic silt contained some sand, trace clay, and shell and wood fragments. Results of one (1) grain size distribution analysis from Borehole 2 are shown graphically on Enclosure 8. The SPT “N”-value measured within the organic silt was 3 blows per 300 mm of penetration, indicating a very loose compactness condition. The measured water content of the samples ranged between 22 and 23%, thus indicating a saturated moisture condition. A deposit of sand containing some silt was encountered below the organic silt in Borehole 2, and extended to a depth of 6.40 m. The SPT “N”-values measured within the sand ranged from 6 to 15 blows per 300 mm of penetration, August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 4 indicating a loose to compact compactness condition. The measured water content of the samples ranged between 18 and 24%, thus indicating a saturated moisture condition. A deposit of silt was encountered below the sand in Borehole 2, and extended to a depth of 11.58 m. The silt deposit contained trace sand, trace clay and occasional clay seams and sand seams. Results of one (1) grain size distribution analysis from Borehole 2 are shown graphically on Enclosure 9. The SPT “N”-values measured within this silt deposit ranged from 12 to 28 blows per 300 mm of penetration, indicating a compact compactness condition. The measured water content of the samples ranged between 18 and 23%, thus indicating a saturated moisture condition. A deposit of silty clay till was encountered below the sandy silt and silt deposits in Boreholes 1 and 2. Borehole 2 was terminated within the silty clay till deposit at a depth of 30.94 m (elevation 137.63 m). In Borehole 1, the deposit was fully penetrated at a depth of 38.33 m (elevation145.91 m). The silty clay till contained trace to some sand and trace gravel. Although not encountered within the boreholes, till deposit are known to contain occasional cobbles and boulders. Results of five (5) grain size distribution analyses from Boreholes 1 and 2 are shown graphically on Enclosures 4, 5, 6, 10 and 11. The results of two (2) Atterberg Limit tests yielded Liquid Limits between 34 and 36%, Plastic Limits between 17 and 18% and Plasticity Indices between 16 and 19%. The test results indicate an inorganic silty clay with medium plasticity (CI). The SPT “N”-values measured within this deposit ranged from 7 to 56 blows per 300 mm of penetration. The undrained shear strength obtained on the retrieved samples ranged from 48 kPa to over 250 kPa. Based on the above test results, the silty clay till is considered to have a firm to hard consistency. The measured water content of the samples collected from this deposit ranged between 17 and 24%, thus indicating a moist moisture condition. A deposit of sandy clayey silt till containing trace gravel was encountered below the silty clay till in Borehole 1, which was terminated within the deposit at a depth of 46.18 m (elevation 129.78 m). Results of one (1) grain size distribution analysis from Borehole 1 are shown graphically on Enclosure 7. The results of one (1) Atterberg Limit test yielded a Liquid Limit of 31%, Plastic Limit of 16% and a Plasticity Index of 15%. The test results indicate an inorganic clayey silt with low to medium plasticity (CL-CI). August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 5 The SPT “N”-values measured within this deposit ranged from 60 and 67 blows per 300 mm of penetration. The undrained shear strength obtained on the retrieved samples ranged between 190 kPa and over 250 kPa. Based on the above test results, the sandy clayey silt till is considered to have a hard consistency. The measured water content of the samples collected from this deposit ranged between 11 and 18%, thus indicating a moist moisture condition. Groundwater conditions were monitored during and following completion of borehole sampling. A saturated condition was encountered at a depth of about 2.3 m in both boreholes. The water level of the river was recorded at elevation 174.58 m in March 2019. The water levels observed during and following the completion of drilling was consistent with the water level in the river. It is noted that the observed groundwater table will fluctuate seasonally and in response to major weather events. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 6 It is understood that the previous bridge has partially collapsed in early 2018, and the remainder has been demolished later that year, except for the south abutment. A review of bridge drawings from 1962 indicates that the demolished bridge was a three-span structure, about 75 m long and 13 m wide. Two piers were located on either side of the river channel and founded on concrete-filled tube piles. The abutments located about 11 m from the piers were founded on spread footings. It is our understanding that the replacement bridge will be constructed as a three-span semi-integral abutment bridge with a layout similar to the previous bridge. No detail design drawings of the proposed bridge were available at the time of report preparation. In general, the surficial topsoil and fill were underlain by a deposit of very loose to loose sandy silt which on the north side was followed by very loose organic silt and loose to compact sand to silt. These fine granular deposits were in turn underlain by a major deposit of stiff to hard silty clay till followed by a hard sandy clayey silt till. A saturated condition was encountered at a depth of about 2.3 m in both boreholes. The water level of the river was recorded at elevation 174.58 m in March 2019. The water levels observed during and following the completion of drilling was consistent with the water level in the river. The semi-integral design of the bridge demands the abutments to be supported on H-Piles. The demolished piers have been supported on concrete-filled battered tube piles which are assumed still remain in the ground. With the new piers possibly located near the location of the previous piers, it is likely that the buried battered tube piles may pose an obstacle to pile driving. The recommendations given below are for H-piles as it is understood that this foundation option is preferred. Helical piers and drilled caissons may also be a feasible foundation option. If an alternative bridge design is chosen in the future, CVD will provide further recommendations for other deep foundation options. Typically, H-piles are designed as end-bearing on either rock or very dense soils. However, at this particular site, no soils adequate for supporting end-bearing piles were found to a depth of 46.18 m. Hence, it has been necessary to design the H-piles as friction piles. The design was based on empirically derived formulas as well as information obtained from pile load tests in similar soils. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 7 The following table summarizes the embedment lengths and factored geotechnical resistance for two pile types: 20 400 480 30 600 720 40 800 960 The above given factored axial geotechnical resistance values are at ULS. The settlement for these values would be less than 10 mm. The pile group effects will need to be evaluated in order to ensure that the pile group will not undergo excessive settlement. The piles should be spaced a minimum distance of 3 pile diameters apart. It is recommended that a static pile load test be carried out in accordance with ASTM D1143. The test pile should be allowed a minimum 30 day set-up prior to testing in order to allow for pore water pressure dissipation required for the pile to reach the full load capacity. The geotechnical resistance factor can be increased from 0.4 to 0.6 (possible 50% increase in design resistance) if a load test is carried out. The minimum pile spacing should be calculated in accordance with the CHBDC. To provide the required flexibility in the piles, the top 3 m of each pile below the abutment stem should be surrounded by a 600 mm diameter CSP as specified by the integral abutment design procedure in MTO Report SO-96-01 “integral Abutment Bridges”. The space between the pile and the pre-drilled oversize hole should be backfilled with sand after the pile is driven. The lateral resistance may be assumed to have a value of ks = 1,200 kPa/m. The lateral resistance of the piles and the depth to the point of contraflexure may be analyzed on the basis of an assumed value of ks. A coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction of 2,000 kPa/m for the upper very loose sandy silt and 15,000 kPa/m for stiff to hard silty clay till. The value for kmust be reduced based on the closeness of the piles and the direction of the applied s lateral loading. The reduction factors are listed in the following table. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 8 centerline to centerline reduction factor centerline to centerline reduction factor distance between Piles distance between Piles (multiply kby factor) (multiply k by factor) ss 4 and more1 8 and more 1 3.5 0.69 6 0.7 2.5 0.63 4 0.4 2.0 0.5 3 and less 0.25 Note: is the pile diameter The silty clay till and the underlying sandy clayey silt till has hard zones throughout its stratum and hard driving may be encountered in these zones. Also, it is possible that cobbles and boulders may be present in the till soil, and as such appropriate measures should be taken by the piling contractor. The piles should be provided with driving shoes in accordance with OPSD 3301.00. In accordance with MTO standard practice, the piles should be driven to pre-determined elevations (embedment lengths). If the driven pile encounters refusal above the recommended elevations, the geotechnical engineer should be notified immediately. The pile driving should be carried out using a hammer capable of delivering energy of at least 40 kJ but not exceeding 60 kJ. During the driving process, piles, which have already been driven, should be monitored to determine if they are heaving due to the effects of driving adjacent piles. If this phenomenon occurs, the affected piles should be re-driven. The base of the pile caps should be provided with a minimum 1.2 m of earth cover for frost protection purposes. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 9 The seismic assessment has been prepared based on the currently proposed bridge and foundation design and existing ground conditions with accordance to the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, version CSA S6-14 (CHBDC). Based on the underlying soils encountered at the boreholes, the site can be classified as a Site Class C in accordance with Table 4.1, Clause 4.4.3.2 of the CHBDC. In accordance with Section 4.4.3.1 of the CHBDC, the reference (Site Class C) peak seismic hazard values specific to the bridge location have been obtained from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) website and are attached in Appendix B. These reference values must be modified to site specific values in accordance with Section 4.4.3.3 of the CHBDC. The PGA for the use with Tables 4.2 to 4.9 shall be ref taken as 0.8 of PGA (for Class Site C) if Sa(0.2)/PGA is less than 2.0 hence, the PGA value is 0.063. ref The following site-specific seismic hazard values given below can be used to design (based on a 2% exceedance in 50 years – 2,475 year return period): PGA (g) = 0.079 PGV (m/s) = 0.061 Sa(0.2) (g) = 0.128 Sa(0.5) (g) = 0.078 Sa(1.0) (g) = 0.044 Sa(2.0) (g) = 0.022 Sa(5.0) (g) = 0.005 Sa(10.0) (g) = 0.002 The liquefaction susceptibility of granular soils was evaluated in accordance with Section C4.6.6 of the CHBDC Commentary. The analysis involves comparing the cyclic shear stress applied to the soil by the design earthquake to the cyclic shear stress, represented by the cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), respectively. The results of the liquefaction assessment indicate the granular soils at the bridge abutments would not be liquefiable when subject to the design earthquake loading. The lateral earth pressures acting on the bridge abutments will depend on the type and method of placement of the backfill materials and on the subsequent lateral movement of the structure. The lateral earth pressures to be used in the design should be computed in accordance with Section 6.12 of CAN/CSA-S6-14. The granular backfill should conform to OPSS Form 1010 for either Granular “A” or “B” Type II. To maintain free-draining characteristics in granular fill materials, the maximum percentage passing the No. 200 sieve (75 mm) should be limited to 8%. The excavated material is not considered suitable as granular backfill. Free-draining granular material specified above should be imported. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 10 The backfill should be placed in accordance with OPSS 501. Any slopes should be benched as per OPSD 208.010 prior to backfill placement. A perforated sub-drain must be installed behind the walls with a positive outlet to maintain the granular fill in a drained condition. Alternatively, weep holes can be used to effect drainage. The lateral earth pressure, P, may be computed using the equivalent fluid pressures presented in h Clause 6.12.2.3 of CAN/CSA-S6-14. Alternatively, the following equation based on unfactored earth pressure distributions can be used: P = K ( h + q) h Where: K = earth pressure coefficient, use value from table below 3 = unit weight of soil = 21.2 kN/m for Granular “B” Type II 3 = 22.8 kN/m for Granular “A” h =depth below top of wall, m q = surcharge pressure, of 0.8 m of fill as per Clause 6.12.5, CAN/CSA-S6-14 Non-Yielding Wall (K) 0.43 0.44 o Yielding Wall (K) 0.27 0.28 a The submerged unit weight of the backfill should be used for any submerged portion of the granular backfill when calculating the lateral earth pressure. The above parameters are based on a horizontal back slope (not exceeding 5°) behind the retaining walls. A compaction surcharge equal to 12 kPa should be included in the lateral earth pressures for the structural design of the abutment and retaining walls in accordance with Clause 6.12.3 of CAN/CSA-S6-14. Vibratory equipment for use behind retaining walls should be restricted in size as per current MTO practices. In accordance with Section 4.6.5 of the CHBDC, seismic loading must be considered in the design of soil retaining structures. The seismic active pressure coefficients presented below can be used for design for retaining walls where the ground above the walls is horizontal (flat). August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 11 Non-Yielding Wall 0.30 0.31 Yielding Wall 0.27 0.28 Excavation for this project will involve the removal of the existing bridge structure, excavation for the pile driving at the abutments and demolition of a portion of the existing building attached to the bridge. The excavation is expected to be 2 to 5 m deep below the existing road surface and may be some 1 to 2 m below the Catfish Creek water level. Excavations to depths of 5 m should not present any special difficulties using heavy excavation equipment. All excavations must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the current Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA). For this purpose, the upper fill materials, very loose sandy silt and organic silt are classified as Type 4 soils. Within the Type 4 soils, the excavation should be cut to no steeper than 3H:1V throughout. Due to the proximity to the river, temporary steel sheeting (sheet piling) will most likely be used to enclose the abutment area to support the soil and water pressure and to provide positive cut off against water ingress from the river/groundwater. If positive cut off cannot be achieved with the steel sheeting enclosure, dewatering with well-points could be required. Proper groundwater control must be maintained throughout the construction of the foundation and abutment walls and during backfilling. Where saturated granular deposits are exposed, the cut slopes may have to be temporarily flattened during excavation until the groundwater bleeds out. A granular working platform will be required to support the construction equipment to drive the H-piles and steel sheeting. Prior to placing fill materials, the areas where steel sheet piles will be driven should be prepared by removing any boulders or obstructions which may be present. The fill should be coarse pit-run sand and gravel materials, placed in thin layers and compacted to 98% SPMDD for the support of the construction equipment. Even with the installation of the steel sheeting enclosure, the sand/silt subgrade soils are saturated and could be unstable to support the formwork for the pile cap. A relatively thick layer of clear stone should be placed on the subgrade to provide such support and to act as a drainage layer to facilitate removal of surface water and groundwater by a sump pump. Further, it is recommended that the joints between each steel sheet be monitored for leakage which should be maintained to a manageable level with the use of sump pumping. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 12 Vibration induced settlement and cracking could result from driving the steel sheeting, H-piles, compaction equipment and simply construction traffic. Dewatering the upper very loose sandy silt layer may produce settlement. It is therefore recommended that a pre-construction condition survey of the structures on the neighbouring properties be carried out to document the existing condition of these structures. It is noted that the concrete filled tube piles (especially the battered ones) supporting the former bridge may hinder the advancement of the steel sheet piles and the driving of the steel H-piles. Consideration should be given to extracting the existing steel tube piles prior to driving steel sheeting and H-piles. As excavation is expected to be in the order of 2 to 5 m deep, a shoring system will be required for temporary excavation support during construction where sufficient space is not available for open cut excavation and to support the adjacent structures. Possible shoring supports include steel sheeting, soldier pile and timber lagging system or caisson wall. The shoring system is generally designed and built by a specialized shoring contractor. The shoring system should be designed in accordance with the guidelines provided in the Canadian Foundation th Engineering Manual (CFEM) 4 Edition. The shoring system will have to withstand the lateral earth pressure, the adjacent roadways, buried services and the traffic loads as well as the adjacent building structures. Frost pressures on the shoring system should be considered if the concrete-filled is exposed to winter freezing condition. The shoring system should be monitored to ensure deflection and lateral movements are acceptable, and modifications made to the shoring system if deflection and lateral movements become a problem. The following soil parameters may be used in the design of shoring. K(at rest condition) should be o used where the shoring will need to support any existing building/structure. Friction Angle Unit Weight Undrained Shear Soil K Ka Kp o 3 0 (kN/m) Strength (C, kPa) u ) Fill Materials 19 28 n/a 0.53 0.36 2.77 Very Loose to Loose 18 26 n/a 0.56 0.39 2.26 Sandy Silt to Sand Stiff Silty Clay 18 20 150 0.62 0.49 2.04 The shoring system can be supported by soil anchor tie-backs and/or raker footings. Soil anchors will provide an unobstructed open space for construction whereas raker supports will obstruct the forming and construction of pile cap and abutment wall. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 13 If the approach embankments are to be widened, the surficial topsoil, very loose to loose sandy silt and organic silt and any deleterious materials should be stripped or excavated prior to placing fill materials. The fill to be used for embankment construction should be imported granular materials. Embankments constructed using these materials and/or approved imported suitable soils can be safely constructed with side slopes of not steeper than 2.5 H:1V. The slope surface is protected with rip-raps. Backfill adjacent to the abutments should be carried out in conformance with OPSD 3501.00, and the fill should be placed in accordance with OPSS 501. The fill placement should begin at the toe of the embankment, in levelled lifts and each lift compacted to at least 95% SPMDD. The new embankment fill should be benched into the existing embankment as per OPSD 208.010. After stripping, the exposed subgrade should be inspected and approved by the geotechnical engineer. The approved subgrade should then be proof-rolled using a heavy compactor, as directed by the engineer. If water is encountered during stripping and preparation of the subgrade to receive the embankment fills, gravity drainage and pumping from open filtered sumps should suffice. Measures should be incorporated into the design and staging to ensure that the slope surfaces are protected from surface erosion. Proper erosion control measures should be implemented both during construction of the embankment fills and permanently. Erosion control during construction should be carried out by installing silt fences. Properly designed erosion control blankets could also be placed on any new embankments after completion of fill placement. A vegetative cover should be established as soon as practicale upon completion of fill placement to minimize the chances of surface erosion. Revetments such as a rip-rap blanket should be provided at the toe of the slope to prevent erosion/scour by surface water. The design of the rip-rap blanket should be carried out cognizant of the stream hydraulics. August 21, 2019 G19736 Imperial Road, Port Bruce, Ontario Page 14 The Limitations of Report, as quoted in Appendix A, is an integral part of this report. We trust that the information presented in this report is complete within our terms of reference. If there are any further questions concerning this report, please do not hesitate to contact our office. Yours truly, Chris Sternik, P.Eng. Eric Y. Chung, M. Eng., P.Eng. Geotechnical Engineer Principal Engineer Theconclusionsandrecommendationsgiveninthisreportarebasedoninformationdeterminedatthe testholelocations.Subsurfaceandgroundwaterconditionsbetweenandbeyondthetestholesmay differfromthoseencounteredatthetestholelocations,andconditionsmaybecomeapparentduring constructionwhichcouldnotbedetectedoranticipatedatthetimeofthesiteinvestigation.Itis recommendedpracticethattheSoilsEngineerberetainedduringconstructiontoconfirmthatthe subsurfaceconditionsthroughoutthesitedonotdeviatemateriallyfromthoseencounteredinthe testholes. Thecommentsmadeinthisreportonpotentialconstructionproblemsandpossiblemethodsare intendedonlyfortheguidanceofthedesigner.Thenumberoftestholesmaynotbesufficientto determineallthefactorsthatmayaffectconstructionmethodsandcosts.Forexample,thethicknessof surficialtopsoilorfilllayersmayvarymarkedlyandunpredictably.Thecontractorsbiddingonthis projectorundertakingtheconstructionshould,therefore,maketheirowninterpretationofthefactual informationpresentedanddrawtheirownconclusionastohowthesubsurfaceconditionsmayaffect theirwork. Thebenchmarkandelevationsmentionedinthisreportwereobtainedstrictlyforuseinthe geotechnicaldesignoftheprojectandbythisofficeonly,andshouldnotbeusedbyanyotherparties foranyotherpurposes. Anyusewhichathirdpartymakesofthisreport,oranyrelianceonordecisionstobemadebasedonit, aretheresponsibilityofsuchthirdparties.CHUNG&VANDERDOELENENGINEERINGLIMITEDaccepts noresponsibilityfordamages,ifany,sufferedbyanythirdpartyasaresultofdecisionsmadeoractions basedonthisreport. Thisreportdoesnotreflecttheenvironmentalissuesorconcernsunlessotherwisestatedinthereport. 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SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY P O R T B R U C E K. SMART ASSOCIATES LIMITED KITCHENERSUDBURY & 2¤¯®±³ ® 6¨²¨³®± 3³ ³² 3³ȁ 4§®¬ ²-%«¦¨ 0´¡«¨¢ !±³ #¤³±¤ Ȩ!¯±¨«-August) September 26, 2019 The St. Thomas-Elgin Public Art Centre is dedicated to presenting a historical and contemporary visual art program by local, regional, national and international artists: facilitating the development of emerging artists; providing diverse art educational programming; acquiring cultural significant works of art and caring of the management of a permanent collection. We are dedicated to bringing people together, supporting art education and developing collaboration with the communities that we serve. I would like to take the opportunity to report on the visitors statistics for the 50th Anniversary exhibition, “FOUNDATION”, historic selections from the permanent collection. This highly attended exhibition was proudly sponsored by the Elgin Historical Society. Exhibition Dates: April 13 to August 31, 2019 Visitors: April: 847 May: 1301 June: 884 July: 1238 August: 1670 Total: 5940 Tours: (public tours) April: 167 May: 185 June: 113 July: 60 Total: 525 Special Events April: 146 May: 218 June: 95 July: 163 August: 40 Total: 662 Total interactions: 7127 We welcomed visitors from: Collingwood London, Ontario London, England Brazil Medford Burlington Toronto Oakville Port Franks Port Dover Kingston Alberta Sydney, Nova Scotia Port Stanley Cayuga, Ontario Halifax, Nova Scotia Chilliwack, British Columbia Victoria, British Columbia Woodstock Tillsonburg Detroit As we enter Culture Days weekend, we will be hosting a “Meet the Artist” Saturday September 28, 1-3pm, event in conjunction with the “In View of the Artist” Annual Juried Exhibition featuring artists from St. Thomas, Elgin County and Southwestern Ontario. We will be bringing hosting visitors from Tillsonburg, Woodstock, London, Sarnia, Ilderton, Chatham and West Lorne. We invite you to join us this Saturday for this free family friendly event. As always, thank you for your ongoing support and providing this wonderful opportunity for all. Laura Woermke Executive Director St. Thomas-Elgin Public Art Centre www.stepac.ca Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 Impact Assessment Act Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA) 2012. Impact Assessment Act Municipal Act Section 239 (2) (b) personal matters about an identifiable individual, including municipal or local board employees Municipal Act Section 239 (2) (k) a position, plan, procedure, criteria or instruction to be applied to any negotiations carried on or to be carried on by or on behalf of the municipality or local board Municipal Act Section 239 (2) (k) a position, plan, procedure, criteria or instruction to be applied to any negotiations carried on or to be carried on by or on behalf of the municipality or local board